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Things have gotten harder
Water-use reduction is a good opportunity for all projects to earn points. If you’re familiar with this credit from earlier versions of LEED, though, keep in mind that it’s gotten harder. LEED 2009 introduced the WEp1: Water Use Reduction prerequisite, which calls for a 20% reduction. In WEc1, which used to award a point for a 20% reduction, the points now start with a 30% reduction with six, and go up to eleven points for 40%.
The baseline for measuring water savings has also become more demanding. The LEED 2009 baseline for commercial lavatory faucets is 0.5 gallons per minute (gpm), whereas the previous baseline was 2.5 gpm.
Special considerations for Commercial Interiors projects
This credit can be more difficult for CI projects that are using base building water fixtures that may not have been upgraded. Even though these fixtures may not be within the scope of the renovation, you are still required to calculate the water usage for all fixtures that the tenant uses. These tenants may want to ask for additional allowances from the building owner to upgrade the base building fixtures.
It’s still very doable
Even with these more stringent requirements, both the credit and the prerequisite should still be fairly easy to achieve with careful fixture selection. You also have the option of replacing potable waterPotable water meets or exceeds EPA's drinking water quality standards and is approved for human consumption by the state or local authorities having jurisdiction; it may be supplied from wells or municipal water systems. with non-potable sources—for example using captured rainwater, or reusing lavatory water, to flush toilets.
Since you will already be designing fixtures to meet the 20% prerequisite, it is not much of a stretch to meet the 30% threshold to start earning points under this credit.
Solutions are simple and widely available
If you pay close attention to the flow rates of the water fixtures you select (gallons per minute for flow fixtures and gallons per flush for flush fixtures), you should be able to achieve a 30% reduction in water use by using widely available efficient fixtures—at a minimal cost premium and without compromising on comfort.
Some typical approaches here include low-flow faucets with sensors, low-flush or dual-flushA type of water-saving toilet that gives a choice of flushes depending on the type of waste solid or liquid. toilets, and low-flush or waterless urinals. Use of graywaterGraywater is untreated household waste water which has not come into contact with toilet waste. Graywater typically includes used water from bathtubs, showers, bathroom wash basins, and water from clothes-washer and laundry tubs, though definitions may vary. Some states and local authorities also allow kitchen sink wastewater to be included in graywater. Project teams should comply with the graywater definition established by the authority having jurisdiction in the project area. and rainwater for toilet flushing is also a fairly common way to contribute to the credit.
Combining several of these strategies can bring your water savings within the 30%–40% range, maxing out your points for this credit. A 45% reduction makes you eligible for an exemplary performanceIn LEED, certain credits have established thresholds beyond basic credit achievement. Meeting these thresholds can earn additional points through Innovation in Design (ID) or Innovation in Operations (IO) points. As a general rule of thumb, ID credits for exemplary performance are awarded for doubling the credit requirements and/or achieving the next incremental percentage threshold. However, this rule varies on a case by case basis, so check the credit requirements. point under IDc1.
Take note: both WEp1 and this credit address interior water use only, but certain strategies that apply to this credit—like graywater reuse—can also be applied to outdoor water use reduction.
Try it—you’ll like it
When water-efficient fixtures first appeared in the 1990s, they often didn’t perform very well, creating a lot of doubts that still may be harbored by some project team members. Research and development as well as new testing protocols have really changed things since then, so make sure these doubts are put to rest. Providing hands-on experience with efficient fixtures through visiting another LEED building is a good way to do this.
Follow these key steps
- Set goals for interior water-use reduction.
- Determine full time equivalent (FTE) occupancy and fixture usage groups.
- Create a baseline water budget for indoor water use.
- Choose fixtures and water reduction or reuse strategies.
- Estimate the project’s water usage by creating a design case water budget.
- Use the LEED Online form to compare baseline and design-case water budgets to determine the water reduction percentage for the project.
- Complete the LEED Online credit form.
Consider these questions when approaching this credit
- What occupancy patterns are expected?
- What are the highest-intensity water uses? How can you target these for savings?
- Is rainwater collection feasible on your site? What are potential sources of graywater for your project? Does the municipality or local water utility supply reused water through a purple pipe? Is it feasible to capture and ruse sink water?
- Are rebates or incentives for water-efficient fixtures available in your area?
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LEED-CI with no plumbing fixtures?
LEED‐CI projects that do not have any plumbing fixtures or fittings in the tenant spaceTenant space is the area within the LEED project boundary. For more information on what can and must be in the LEED project boundary see the Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs) and LEED 2009 MPR Supplemental Guidance. Note: tenant space is the same as project space. are exempt from WEp1. Even if off-site showers are being used to earn SSc3.2, they must be included in calculations for both WEp1 and WEc1.
When a project has replaced some of the core fixtures, they have essentially brought those fixtures into their LEED-CI project scope of work. If they wish to take credit for the new fixtures in the base building, all fixtures within the core restrooms must be included in the calculations for the prerequisite and credit. If they have registered before the July 17, 2010 Addenda applyig to WEc1, the team can exclude the core restrooms in their entirety (which would mean excluding the newly installed fixtures), since in the past projects could earn this credit based solely on their tenant fixtures.
Legend
- Best Practices
- Gotcha
- Action Steps
- Cost Tip
Pre-Design
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Include goals for water-use reduction in the Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR) for EAp1: Fundamental Commissioning. Reduced use of hot water with efficient fixtures can save a lot of energy.
Tenants should determine whether efficient water fixtures are already provided in the base building, or if water fixture upgrades can be added to the scope of the project. Ensure that the project will be able to achieve the minimum 20% threshold required by the prerequisite and at least 30% for credit points.
Appliance and process water uses such as clothes washers, dishwashers, cooling tower makeup, and others, need not be included in the LEED water use reduction calculations for this prerequisite and credit.
You can earn an Exemplary Performance point through IDc1 for a 45% reduction. To help you meet this threshold, you can include appliance and process water in the calculations, even though that’s not allowed for the standard credit calculations.
Establish preliminary goals for water-use reduction. Consider setting water-reduction goals higher than the 40% reduction required by this credit, and aim for a reduction greater than 45% or higher for exemplary performance under IDc1. You are likely to need rainwater or graywater reuse to reach this threshold.
Up-front costs for a 30% reduction may be minimal, since project teams will already be integrating water-saving techniques for the 20% reduction prerequisite.
Target your efficiency efforts at fixtures that use the most water.
For residential projects, showers typically use more water than other fixtures due to the duration of use.
For commercial projects, toilets and urinals typically use more water than other fixture types.
When water-efficient fixtures first appeared in the 1990s, they often didn’t perform very well, creating a lot of doubts that still may be harbored by some project team members. Research and development as well as new testing protocols have really changed things since then, so make sure these doubts are put to rest. Providing hands-on experience with efficient fixtures by visiting another LEED building is a good way to do this. Providing information on testing results of products is another good way to sway hesitations (see GreenSpec’s related products in the right-hand column for more information).
Are composting toilets an option? While not common, composting toilets are waterless fixtures that go a long way toward achieving this credit. However, they do affect programming and layout, so consider them early in the planning stage.
Consider replacing potable water use with alternative sources such as collected graywater, rainwater, municipally supplied treated wastewater, or wastewater treated onsite for reuse.
Well and pond water are not considered “reused” for the purposes of this credit and must count as potable water—so you don’t get credit for substituting them for conventional water sources. Water types that do count as reused are:
- Rainwater;
- treated wastewater supplied by the municipality or water utility;
- graywater coming from onsite lavatories, sinks, and showers;
- treated blackwater;
- rejected water from a reverse-osmosis treatment process;
- sump-pump water;
- air-conditioning and cooling tower condensate.
Graywater and rainwater collection systems can offer a potential non-potable water source for interior applications. However, you may find that it is easier—based on code issues and simplicity of system design—to direct reused water to an irrigation system or cooling tower. All solutions should be viewed in the context of finding the best whole-system approach for building and site water use.
Consider occupants when debating whether to use graywater or waterless and/or dual-flush fixtures. Cultural perceptions of these types of applications may need to be evaluated to gauge whether they will be successful in your building. It is also a good idea to have education outreach in order for building occupants to know how to use the new fixtures and to understand the importance of water reduction strategies.
Check local codes and restrictions. Throughout the U.S. there are widely varying laws addressing water use, and many states have very different approaches to rainwater collection and greywater/blackwater reuse.
Check for local incentives through municipalities and utilities that reward or encourage water-saving strategies—as well as restrictions that may apply. Rebates are common, as are plumbing codes restricting certain water-savings technologies such as waterless urinals, graywater reuse, onsite wastewater treatment and reuse, rainwater harvesting, composting toilets, and other strategies. See Resources for more.
Schematic Design
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Determine the number and types of occupants in the building. The water-use calculations are based on occupant use and the number of full-time equivalent (FTE) occupants, including employees and visitors—not the number of water fixtures.
The FTE occupancy number you use must be consistent with the FTE occupancy numbers used in all your other LEED credit submittals, including:
- WEp1: Water Use Reduction
- SSc3.2: Alternative Transportation—Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms
- SSc3.3: Alternative Transportation—Parking Availability
Determine user groups for the various water fixtures, as not all occupants may be using all fixtures. For example, employee restrooms and customer toilets in a retail store have different usage patterns that would affect the water use calculations if the fixtures were different. For example:
- 2 male staff using a 1.6 gpf toilet 3 times per day each = 9.6 gallons a day.
- 50 male customers using a 1.0 gpf efficient toilet 0.2 times per day each = 10 gallons a day.
- 9.6 gallons from the staff + 10 gallons from the customers = 19.6 gallons daily.
- If the staff got the more efficient 1.0 gpf toilet, and the customers got the less-efficient 1.6 gpf toilet, you would have employees generating 6 gallons and customers generating 16 gallons = 22 gallons daily, an increase.
Run preliminary water use calculations to establish the baseline water use and confirm goals for water-use reduction. This should include clearly identifying target flow and flush rates for fixtures.
Like the prerequisite, this credit only includes core water uses—bathroom sinks, toilets, urinals, showers, kitchen faucets and prerinse sprays.
Janitors’ sinks, pot-fillers, and tub faucets can be left out, as they are used to fill containers with a fixed water volume regardless of the flow rate.
The baseline for commercial lavatory faucets has been changed in LEED 2009 to 0.5 gpm, from 2.5 gpm in previous LEED rating systems. There are a handful of aerators and commercial faucets that perform better than 0.5 gpm, but the use of this low baseline means that you will probably need to focus on getting water reductions elsewhere.
CI projects must include in their water-use calculations any fixtures used by occupants, even if the installation of the fixtures is not within the scope of the project. For example, an office project that is not updating the base building bathrooms still needs to include those bathroom fixtures that the occupants will be using in the LEED water-use calculation.
Design Development
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Select water-efficient fixtures and strategies. Gather information on applicable fixtures, including manufacturer, model number, and flush or flow rates.
Use the calculator built into the LEED Online credit form to help facilitate decision-making. Re-run comparisons between the baseline and design-case water budgets until the final selections of water fixtures and strategies have been made and the project’s water reduction goals are satisfied.
Design and size graywater and rainwater systems to match non-potable water demand for needs such as toilet flushing, cooling tower makeup, and irrigation.
Untreated rainwater, graywater, and blackwater can corrode plumbing systems, or lead to biological growth. Teams should plan for water treatment, filtration, or using corrosion-resistant materials. The use of seawater for toilet flushing, which is less common, can cause similar problems.
Piping to interior water fixtures is doubled when graywater or rainwater is reused in addition to potable water. This is likely to add upfront costs, but can potentially reduce water and sewer charges.
Sensors on toilets and faucets are sometimes perceived as saving water. However, several studies have shown that while they may offer some hygiene or other operational benefits, they increase water use substantially, due to “phantom flushes” and faucets running longer than needed as they may interpret the flow of water as a solid object. If you do choose lavatory sensors, look for models with adjustable flow durations, and test the sensitivity of the sensor.
The LEED calculation estimates a standard 15-second use for faucets, so setting the flow duration to a shorter time of 10 seconds interval can help save water and contribute to earning the credit.
Flow restrictors and aerators can cost only a few dollars per fixture and can help add efficiency to more conventional sink fixtures. This can also be an easy inexpensive way to retrofit existing faucets; however, make sure restrictors or aerators are compatible with faucet fixtures.
Many commercial toilets can be retrofitted with dual-flush flushometers, which can cost less than installing new dual-flush toilets. Check with manufacturers for retrofit compatibility.
Toilet-lid-sink retrofits for standard toilets are one of the most basic and easy graywater reuse tools available, costing around $100. When toilets are flushed, potable water first flows though the sink for handwashing before filing up the toilet tank for flushing.
Construction Documents
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Specify efficient water fixtures in construction documents. Be sure to include specific flow and flush rates (gpm or gpf) for each type of fixture.
Specify signage for water fixtures or strategies that may require special instructions for use, or educate users on water savings. This may include signage for explaining proper operation of dual-flush toilets, waterless urinals, indicating non-potable water if supplied at faucets, and distinguishing pipes carrying reused water for operations and maintenance personnel.
If collecting rainwater or reusing graywater, ensure that the key system components, such as water treatment and cisterns, are not removed during value engineering.
Apply for any water-reduction incentives and rebates available through local municipal water authorities or utilities.
Fill out the LEED Online credit form and upload water fixture cut sheets to LEED Online.
Construction
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The contractor should ensure that the correct fixtures have been purchased and that applicable water reuse systems or specified metering systems have been installed.
Make sure supply pipes carrying non-potable water are clearly color-coded and labeled to avoid inadvertent connection with potable water lines.
Operations & Maintenance
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Provide building managers with manuals and guidance for all fixtures and fittings, water-reuse technologies, onsite water treatment systems and unconventional products.
Consider installing permanent water metering for ongoing monitoring of the project’s water use. A submetering system can help operations staff detect problems early and facilitate future LEED-EBOM certification.
Train cleaning and operations staff to maintain atypical fixtures such as waterless urinals, faucet sensors and other unconventional fixtures.
USGBC
Excerpted from LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors
COPYRIGHT © 2009 BY THE U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVEDWE Credit 1: Water use reduction
6-11 Points
Intent
To further increase water efficiency within tenant spaces to reduce the burden on municipal water supply and wastewater systems.
Requirements
Employ strategies that in aggregate use less water than the water use baseline calculated for the tenant spaces (not including irrigation). The minimum water savings percentage for each point threshold is as follows:
Percentage Reduction Points 30% 6 35% 8 40% 11
Calculate the baseline according to the commercial and/or residential baselines outlined below. Calculations are based on estimated occupant usage and must include only the following fixtures and fixture fittings necessary to meet the needs of the occupants including fixtures and fixture fittings that may be outside the tenant space: water closets, urinals, lavatory faucets, showers, kitchen sink faucets and pre-rinse spray valves.
Commercial Fixtures, Fittings, and Appliances Current Baseline (Imperial Units) Current Baseline (Metric Units) Commercial toilets 1.6 gallons per flush (gpf)*
Except blow-out fixtures: 3.5 (gpf)6 liters per flush (lpf)
Except blow-out fixtures: 13.5 lpfCommercial urinals 1.0 (gpf) 4.0 lpf Commercial lavatory (restroom) faucets 2.2 gallons per minute (gpm) at 60 pounds per square inch (psi), private applications only (hotel or motel guest rooms, hospital patient rooms)
0.5 (gpm) at 60 (psi)** all others except private applications
0.25 gallons per cycle for metering faucets8.5 liters per minute (lpm) at 4 bar (58 psi), private applications only (hotel or motel guest rooms, hospital patient rooms)
2.0 lpm at 4 bar (58 psi), all others except private applications
1 liter per cycle for metering faucetsCommercial prerinse spray valves
(for food service applications)Flow rate ≤ 1.6 (gpm)
(no pressure specified; no performance requirement)Flow rate ≤ 6 lpm (no pressure specified; no performance requirement)
Residential Fixtures, Fittings, and Appliances Current Baseline (Imperial Units) Current Baseline (Metric Units) Residential toilets 1.6 (gpf)*** 6 liters per flush (lpf) Residential lavatory (bathroom) faucets 2.2 (gpm) at 60 psi 8.5 lpm at 4 bar (58 psi) Residential kitchen faucet Residential showerheads 2.5 (gpm) at 80 (psi) per shower stall**** 9.5 lpm at 5.5 bar (80 psi) per shower stall
* EPAct 1992 standard for toilets applies to both commercial and residential models.
** In addition to EPAct requirements, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers standard for public lavatory faucets is 0.5 gpm at 60 psi (2.0 lpm at 4 bar (58 psi) (ASME A112.18.1-2005). This maximum has been incorporated into the national Uniform Plumbing Code and the International Plumbing Code.
*** EPAct 1992 standard for toilets applies to both commercial and residential models.
**** Residential shower compartment (stall) in dwelling units: The total allowable flow rate from all flowing showerheads at any given time, including rain systems, waterfalls, bodysprays, bodyspas and jets, must be limited to the allowable showerhead flow rate as specified above (2.5 gpm/9.5 lpm) per shower compartment, where the floor area of the shower compartment is less than 2,500 square inches (1.5 square meters). For each increment of 2,500 square inches (1.5 square meters)of floor area thereafter or part thereof, an additional showerhead with total allowable flow rate from all flowing devices equal to or less than the allowable flow rate as specified above must be allowed. Exception: Showers that emit recirculated nonpotable waterNonpotable water: does not meet EPA's drinking water quality standards and is not approved for human consumption by the state or local authorities having jurisdiction. Water that is unsafe or unpalatable to drink because it contains pollutants, contaminants, minerals, or infective agents. originating from within the shower compartment while operating are allowed to exceed the maximum as long as the total potable water flow does not exceed the flow rate as specified above.
The following fixtures, fittings and appliances are outside the scope of the water use reduction calculation:
- Commercial Steam Cookers
- Commercial Dishwashers
- Automatic Commercial Ice Makers
- Commercial (family-sized) Clothes Washers
- Residential Clothes Washers
- Standard and Compact Residential Dishwashers
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Use WaterSense-certified fixtures and fixture fittings where available. Use high-efficiency fixtures (e.g., water closets and urinals) and dry fixtures, such as toilets attached to composting systems, to reduce the potable waterPotable water meets or exceeds EPA's drinking water quality standards and is approved for human consumption by the state or local authorities having jurisdiction; it may be supplied from wells or municipal water systems. demand. Consider using alternative on-site sources of water (e.g., rainwater, stormwater, and air conditioner condensate, graywaterGraywater is untreated household waste water which has not come into contact with toilet waste. Graywater typically includes used water from bathtubs, showers, bathroom wash basins, and water from clothes-washer and laundry tubs, though definitions may vary. Some states and local authorities also allow kitchen sink wastewater to be included in graywater. Project teams should comply with the graywater definition established by the authority having jurisdiction in the project area.) for nonpotable applications (e.g., toilet and urinal flushing, custodial uses). The quality of any alternative source of water being used must be taken into consideration based on its application or use.
FOOTNOTES
1. Tables adapted from information developed and summarized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Water based on requirements of the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 1992 and subsequent rulings by the Department of Energy, requirements of the EPAct of 2005, and the plumbing code requirements as stated in the 2006 editions of the Uniform Plumbing Code or International Plumbing Code pertaining to fixture performance.
Technical Guides
Energy Policy Act of 1992 & amendments
This is a referenced standard for this credit.
Energy Policy Act of 2005
This is a referenced standard for this credit.
2006 editions of the Uniform Plumbing Code
This is a referenced standard for this credit.
2006 International Plumbing Code
This is a referenced standard for this credit.
EPA Water Sense
WaterSense label helps US consumers choose high-quality, water-efficient products.
LEED 2009 Water Use Reduction: Additional Guidance
This document from USGBC offers guidelines to help you properly set up fixture usage groups in the LEED Online credit form, avoiding common mistakes associated with the water-efficiency prerequisite and credit.
Web Tools
WATERGY v3.0
A spreadsheet model that uses water/energy relationship assumptions to analyze the potential of water savings and associated energy savings.
EPA Water Regional & State Links
A map with regional water information.
American Standard’s Rebate Locator
Search for local rebates for water efficiency products.
Toilet Rebate
Searchable national database of toilet rebates.
Publications
How to Conserve Water and Use it Effectively
This chapter addresses the following questions: What's the problem? What practices might be used to solve it? How effective are they? What do they cost? Where have they been used successfully? Practices for system users residential, industrial/commercial, and agricultural are presented first, followed by practices for system operators.
Organizations
Alliance for Water Efficiency
An advocate for water-efficient products and programs. Provides information and assistance on water conservation efforts.
EPA Office for Water
Information and links to a range of water-related issues.
American Rainwater Catchment Systems Association
Offers web-based information exchange, workshops, and other educational opportunities.
Oasis Greywater Policy Center
Compilation of graywaterGraywater is untreated household waste water which has not come into contact with toilet waste. Graywater typically includes used water from bathtubs, showers, bathroom wash basins, and water from clothes-washer and laundry tubs, though definitions may vary. Some states and local authorities also allow kitchen sink wastewater to be included in graywater. Project teams should comply with the graywater definition established by the authority having jurisdiction in the project area. laws.
Product Cut Sheets
Carefully research products and examine cut sheets to find fixtures and fittings meeting the credit requirements, as shown in these examples.
Samples
LEED Online Forms: CI-2009 WE
The following links take you to the public, informational versions of the dynamic LEED Online forms for each CI-2009 WE credit. You'll need to fill out the live versions of these forms on LEED Online for each credit you hope to earn.
Version 4 forms (newest):
Version 3 forms:
These links are posted by LEEDuser with USGBC's permission. USGBC has certain usage restrictions for these forms; for more information, visit LEED Online and click "Sample Forms Download."
Design Submittal
Documentation for this credit can be part of a Design Phase submittal.
WEp1 LEED Online Form
This sample form for WEp1 is from a real project whose name was changed on the form. (Note that WEp1 was achieved for this project even though this sample displays that the form was not completed.)
LEED-CI Silver Office – WEc1
Complete documentation for achievement of WEc1 on a LEED-CI 2009 project.



70 Comments
Toilets not within the tenant space
For WE Prerequisite 1 and WE credit 1, should toilets that are not within the tenant spaceTenant space is the area within the LEED project boundary. For more information on what can and must be in the LEED project boundary see the Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs) and LEED 2009 MPR Supplemental Guidance. Note: tenant space is the same as project space. be included in the calculations?
If not, how do we complete the online form as it marks incomplete when the first table is left empty.
I just received this comment below which may help clarify your situation. If you want to pursue points for WEc1, you must include all the fixtures that your occupants are expected to use, even if they are outside of your tenant spaceTenant space is the area within the LEED project boundary. For more information on what can and must be in the LEED project boundary see the Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs) and LEED 2009 MPR Supplemental Guidance. Note: tenant space is the same as project space.. For our project, we are using showers located in a lower level, outside our CI boundary, to show compliance with SSc3.2. Hope this helps.
GBCI Review Comment 4/30/13: "Please revise the form to include the FTEFull-time equivalent (FTE) represents a regular building occupant who spends 8 hours a day (40 hours a week) in the project building. Part-time or overtime occupants have FTE values based on their hours per day divided by 8 (or hours per week divided by 40). Transient Occupants can be reported as either daily totals or as part of the FTE. Residential occupancy should be estimated based on the number and size of units. Core and Shell projects should refer to the default occupancy table in the Reference Guide appendix. All occupant assumptions must be consistent across all credits in all categories. shower uses and provide a plumbing fixture schedule that includes all fixtures utilized by the LEED-CI occupants (both inside and outside of the LEED-CI Project Boundary). If the project has elects to exclude the fixtures located outside of the LEED-CI Project Boundary from the calculations, then the project is ineligible for this credit."
Template Rounding for Design Case-Urinal
We have completed our template with all fixtures included and are at 39.97% savings!!! UGH. As we dig into the template to see if there is a way to reach that 40% threshold, and thus 3 more points, we have noted the 0.125 GPF (1 pint) urinal is rounding to 0.13 GPF. This small rounding make the difference between 39.97% savings and 40.03% savings. Has anyone run into something similar? We are planning submit our own spreadsheet of calculations, but was wondering if anyone has had success in a similar situation.
I was hoping to see a response to this question. We have a similar situation where the template is rounding our water closet flush valve from 1.28 gpf to 1.3 gpf. That small rounding adds an additional 10kGal+ to our annual water use and is costing us points. Curious if anyone has attempted submitting there own spreadsheet with narrative, and been successful?
Thanks for the bump William! I too am still wondering...We are planning to submit our own spreadsheet and narrative, but it'd sure be nice to know if anyone else has had success.
How to document Squat Toilet/Hole Toilet?
Currently, I'm working on a CI project in China. The project locates on 19th floor, which shared by two tenants. The public restroom on this floor is using two squat toilet with sensor and one sit toilet for both male and female.
In LEEDonline form for WE, how should I document squat toilet fixture? Specificly, which fixture family and fixture type I should choose? Thanks!
Derek, do the squat toilets work similarly to a regular toilet? If so, I would treat them the way you would another toilet.
Same Fixtures Different Usage Groups
Hello,
I have assigned two fixture usage groups within a building; A daycare usage group (12 FTEFull-time equivalent (FTE) represents a regular building occupant who spends 8 hours a day (40 hours a week) in the project building. Part-time or overtime occupants have FTE values based on their hours per day divided by 8 (or hours per week divided by 40). Transient Occupants can be reported as either daily totals or as part of the FTE. Residential occupancy should be estimated based on the number and size of units. Core and Shell projects should refer to the default occupancy table in the Reference Guide appendix. All occupant assumptions must be consistent across all credits in all categories.) and General Office usage group (140 FTE).
The daycare has the same fixtures as the office space. Which usage group do I assign these fixtures to?? (perhaps I am miss-understanding the concept of fixture groups). Or do I include the fixtures twice, one with Daycare usage patterns and one with general office?
Your help is much appreciated.
Hi Padraic,
If the daycare and office project occupants have similar usage patterns and utilize the same fixtures, one fixture usage group may be used to represent the entire building occupancy. The form will automatically calculate the daily usage rates for each fixture based on the percent male/female as entered in the Fixture Group when the group is assigned to each fixture.
Fixture groups are meant to define occupant groups (i.e. office, warehouse, retail, etc.) that either use a different subset of flow and flush fixtures and/or have different usage patterns.
Core Fixtures Existing, Tenant to Install Additional Fixtures
I have a LEED-CI project in which there is one toilet that is EXISTING in the base building and NOT A PART OF THE SCOPE of the tenant improvement. Do we have to include the base building toilet gpf in our calculations?
Hi Nena,
If the bathroom would be used by the tenant (which would be the assumed case unless you have evidence otherwise), then yes it must be included within WEc1.
Note that you do not need to include the toilet as part of WEp1.
You do not need to include the toilet as part of WEp1
How to count toilets for handicapped
Hi!
Our project has highefficient toilets with 3.5/2 ltr/flush. Unfortunately the manufacturer doesn't provide these toilets for disabled restrooms. So in disabled restrooms common toilets with 6/3 ltr/flush were installed.
Is it allowed to exclude the disabled restrooms from the calculation? If not, is it possible to create a separate fixture group assuming hat e.g. 5 % of employees are handicapped?
I don't think you can exclude them. A separate fixture group is the way to go, but you cannot base it on an assumption of the number of employees that are handicapped unless there is some way to prohibit non-handicapped people from using them. (Some people who are not handicapped prefer using these toilets for various reasons, while others do not, so they will likely get used just as any other toilet in the project.)
I think the best you can do is take the total number of toilets in the project (by gender) and assign a percentage to the separate fixture group for the number of handicapped toilets divided by the total number of toilets. (Ex. 10 toilets total, 2 of which are handicapped accessible. Therefore 2/10 = 20% of building users use that fixture.)
Marco and Michelle,
In tough cases like this I use Fixture Counts. WCs and URs are both counted. A unisex restrooms, typically how handicap restrooms are used, could be used by anyone.
You add up al WCs + URs to determine the total count.
For females add WCs only.
The above are your denominators.
Count the number of WCs and URs at flow rate and that becomes your numerator to determine the percentage of access.
In the end you have several percentages of different fixtures which you can use to determine occupancy access, or fixture groups. You'll end up with a very reasonable water usage values.
Trying to split up usage by estimating occupants who have access only works where can define a hardline on who uses what: such as a prison, or schools with student versus teacher restrooms.
The tricky part is taking a reasonable Fixture Count analysis and trying to make it fit in the LEED tool. The USGBC should provide a tool that automatically does the percentage use determination using Fixture Counts but I don't believe they will every do so.
I have being the Fixture Count option for many years and have not a problem with the reviewers accepting it. I don't know if they understand what Fixture Counts are because they have never bother to challenge me on it.
Credit Wording
I am in the process of certifying a CI space. Originally we were pursuing the credit for bicycle storage, however this was deemed infeasible when our request to dedicate bicycle ranks in a very large office space to our project space was denied. As a result for WEc1, we removed the showers associated with a gym in the building that bicyclers may use given that we were no longer claiming use of the facility for the LEED project space. However, our reviewer indicated we had to use the shower still because it could be used.
My question, is in accordance with the strict language of the credit, if the space does not claim use of a third-party shower (that we have no control of) for any purpose of this project, am I required to include it in WEc1?
If the shower is outside of your project scope it does not need to be included in water calculations. I would suggest contacting GBCI/your review team and certainly include a detailed narrative in your next submission.
Matthew,
Did you withdraw the SSc3.2 credit? If not, this may be the issue. See the last section of the Bird's Eye View above.
Mathew,
We have a similar situation, the reviewer told us to include the showers in the calculations. We provided a narrative explaining that the showers were not part of the project scope and the credit got denied. Can you share what did you do in your case?
Thank you.
Hi Bianca,
For our space, the showers are located in a private business within the building. There is a cost to us to be able to access the showers. We have since submitted an appeal for the credit indicating that the space is no longer pursuing an agreement with the private business to access the showers and thus should not be considered within the project space.
If the showers are located in the building common space, this arguement would not apply though.
WEc1
As 1.6 is a standard low flow toilet, in order to further reduce water use is it better to specify a 1.28 gpf or a dual flush toilet?
Thank you.
The 'Water Use Reduction Additonal Guidence' updated November 1, 2011, v4 provides a calculation example. They used 1.6 for the full flush and 1.1 for the low flush which provided a weighted average 1.35gpm.
Commercial Kitchen hand washing sinks
Are the hand wash sinks included in the 20% reduction requirement?
Yes
Where do plumbing fixture uses, by occupancy type, come from?
Does anyone know what the basis is for the plumbing fixture uses by occupancy type? For example - 3 water closet uses for each female FTEFull-time equivalent (FTE) represents a regular building occupant who spends 8 hours a day (40 hours a week) in the project building. Part-time or overtime occupants have FTE values based on their hours per day divided by 8 (or hours per week divided by 40). Transient Occupants can be reported as either daily totals or as part of the FTE. Residential occupancy should be estimated based on the number and size of units. Core and Shell projects should refer to the default occupancy table in the Reference Guide appendix. All occupant assumptions must be consistent across all credits in all categories., etc. Since I use this calculation so frequently, I'd like to understand where these numbers came from, other than that they are based on 'industry standard', etc. Any insight would be greatly apprecaited, thanks!
John, good question, but I don't have any idea. The answer probably lies with the WE TAGLEED Technical Advisory Group (TAG): Subcommittees that consist of industry experts who assist in developing credit interpretations and technical improvements to the LEED system., years ago. Anyone know?
Problem with template for WEc1
We have found that we achieve a reduction of 44% which we believe should be worth 11 points, yet the template only identifies 6 points achieved while 44% reduction is shown.
The percentage reduction derives directly from the WEp1 template that also shows 44%.
Any idea why the template would be (incorrectly) showing only 6 points? Is there a glitch in the templates?
Has anyone else had this problem?
We had a similar issue ; we entered in data into all the required fields; the prerequisite template said we were a "N", however the WEc1 credit said we acieved all 11 points, with one point reserved for innovation(!) ....How is that possible?
......We clicked the 'Feedback' tool, and left a message; what happened is that sometimes the credit submittal templates don't work correctly. They basically reset the forms; then the Prereq said "Y". ........
I would do the same if I were you. Good luck!
Kathy, we are having the same problem! Did you ever figure out how to get your points to change from 6 to 11? Our calculations are showing that we have well over a 40% reduction, but yet the credit is only showing that we earned 6 points! What do we do?
Lynne,
Assuming you're using the most up-to-dat version of the form, you need to make sure that under Credit Information you have selected the number of points you're attempting. If that doesn't help I would give GBCI a call and they will look at it while on the phone with you.
WATER USE REDUCTION
DOES THE COMMON TOILEST IN A FLOOR COME UNDER TENANT SCOPE? ENTIRE FLOOR IS OCUPIED BY SAME COMPANY? FLOOR IS MEANT TO BE RENT TO DIFFERENT TENANATS AND OUR COMPANY IS OCCUPYING THE ENTIRE FLOOR? WE HAVE 2 SEPERATE TOILETS INSIDE THE OFFICE SPACE.
Sajeev, if you wish to take credit for these toilets under WEc1, you need to include them here.
LEED Retail CI customer and FTE calculations
For LEED Retail CI, to calculate the WEc1 water reduction you have to input the number of FTEFull-time equivalent (FTE) represents a regular building occupant who spends 8 hours a day (40 hours a week) in the project building. Part-time or overtime occupants have FTE values based on their hours per day divided by 8 (or hours per week divided by 40). Transient Occupants can be reported as either daily totals or as part of the FTE. Residential occupancy should be estimated based on the number and size of units. Core and Shell projects should refer to the default occupancy table in the Reference Guide appendix. All occupant assumptions must be consistent across all credits in all categories.'s as well as customers. we have a restaurant project and are trying to determine if the guests are "retail" or "transient" customers. Also, is there a template to calculate FTE's and Customers? Thanks!
The Reference Guide for LEED NC/CS/Schools has a table in the appendix for LEED core & Shell projects, which can help determine the number of guests.
Seawater flushing
Hi
Does anyone know if sea water flushing which is non-potable waterPotable water meets or exceeds EPA's drinking water quality standards and is approved for human consumption by the state or local authorities having jurisdiction; it may be supplied from wells or municipal water systems. can contribute towards these credits.
We are working on new LEED-CI project in Hong Kong that uses sea water for flushing connected to the sewer system.
Julian, I don't know for sure since this is very uncommon, but I expected seawater would be allowed for this credit.
The response to a CIRCredit Interpretation Ruling. Used by design team members experiencing difficulties in the application of a LEED prerequisite or credit to a project. Typically, difficulties arise when specific issues are not directly addressed by LEED information/guide issued recently for a project in Hong Kong suggested it was possible for sea water flushing to contribute to the water use credit. This is logical as it is non-potable waterPotable water meets or exceeds EPA's drinking water quality standards and is approved for human consumption by the state or local authorities having jurisdiction; it may be supplied from wells or municipal water systems..
However, in a recent submission for a CI project the project team asked whether seawater from a municipal seawater supply system can be used to claim credit for WEp1 and WEc1. The response: No, per LEED InterpretationLEED Interpretations are official answers to technical inquiries about implementing LEED on a project. They help people understand how their projects can meet LEED requirements and provide clarity on existing options. LEED Interpretations are to be used by any project certifying under an applicable rating system. All project teams are required to adhere to all LEED Interpretations posted before their registration date. This also applies to other addenda. Adherence to rulings posted after a project registers is optional, but strongly encouraged. LEED Interpretations are published in a searchable database at usgbc.org. 1551, municipally provided greywater (in this case seawater) cannot be used to meet credit requirements.
ID 1551 is dated 2006: Municipally reclaimed water is not applicable to WEc3 achievement (NC Version 2.0). This credit focuses on fixture efficiency and on-site water reuse.
There seems to be a mismatch between the response to the CIR and ID1551, else the CIR response would have been 'negative'!
The logic is that if I choose a building near public transport it is energy efficient, so I get points. Surely, if I choose a building using seawater flushing, which is potable water efficiency, I should get an advantage too?
Faucets in office toilets
The faucets in toilets for large open office spaces are categorized as private or public toilet faucets? The toilets are allocated to only one company operating on that particular floor.Please advice.
Only toilets and lavatories that are dedicated for the use of one person are considered private. Large open offices and toilets dedicated for the use by one company are public because more than one person will use the fixture.
Thank You Susan.
WE p1 CI and CS
I am a little confused by what i have read concerning WEp1 and what fixtures are being used by a tenant vs what is in the scope.
I have a CS poject where I will acheive 32% water savings. In the same building I have a CI project with one kitchen sink.
DO I USE THE BASE BUILDING WC/UR/LAV FOR MY CI CREDIT?
If yes, isn't this getting "two for the price of one"?
If no, my kitchen sink alone will not get the 20% savings. what do i do now?
any suggestions.
thanks,
Garrison, sorry for the slow response here, but I think your question should be clarified by the Water Use Reduction additional guidance doc from USGBC.
Base building fixtures meet old LEED 2.0, but not LEED CI 2009
Our project occupies (4) out of (10) floors of a building which was LEED 2.0 certified. We are attempting Silver under LEED CI 2009. If we are only counting fixtures in our scope of work, we have 38% reduction from the baseline, however, combining the core bathrooms gives us only 11%. The water use reduction baseline for the 2009 version is more stringent than the earlier version. Because the core bathroom fixtures were installed to meet the LEED 2.0 requirements, can we calculate them separately using the base line from the 2.0 version, so that we can receive the much-needed points we had designed for? Have you seen this circumstance before? Please let us know if there is a way to grandfather in these base building fixtures. Thanks
Sandra, I've been thinking this over and I don't think it's likely you could get this exception. LEED 2009 does have a higher standard, and projects are expected to go through extra efforts to meet it.
You could try asking GBCI about this, and if you do, please let us know how it goes, but I don't see that this would work.
LEED CI in a LEED CS building - WE
We are going for LEED CI v2009 in a LEED CS v2009 building. Both are in design. Our client (LEED CI) will be in more than 75% of the building. There are no restrooms in our tenant fit-out (restrooms are in the base building) but there are several pantries throughout the tenant spaceTenant space is the area within the LEED project boundary. For more information on what can and must be in the LEED project boundary see the Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs) and LEED 2009 MPR Supplemental Guidance. Note: tenant space is the same as project space..
If we encourage the base building to incorporate a rainwater harvesting system into the water use infrastructure to achieve a 40% water reduction, does this mean that we can piggy-back on their reduction?
I've noticed that both WE forms for CI and CS do not incorporate rainwater capture systems into the water reduction calculation. For CS/ NC, under 'Implementation' in WEp1, rainwater collection is mentioned as a strategy to consider.
How do project teams incorporate rainwater harvesting into the water-use reduction calculations? Can we use this water reduction calculation in our LEED CI pursuit?
Many thanks.
Susan, have you looked at earning points under SSc1? I think this is the correct approach here.
Yes, but I don't think it applies to us. In 'Implementation' for Path 10, it says this credit is only for projects that are less than 50% of the total square footage. We're over 75% of the building.
The real question is: If the base building implements a rainwater harvesting system and reduces the building's municipally supplied water use, can we use it in our reduction calculation as well or are we limited to simply calculating flow rates of fixtures our occupants will be using?
Susan, given that rainwater is listed as a potential technology for achieving this credit in the credit language and that you are over 75% of the building, I think this should work.
Submittals - does one need to upload spec sheets?
Simple question - My project is not yet registered so I can't see what documenation is necessary to substantiate claims of water efficiency. Does LEED ask for spec sheets and pictures of old equipment and new equipment (lavs, faucets, etc)? Thank you!
Patricia, this doesn't show all the uploads, but check out the sample forms download you can get in the Documentation Toolkit above.
The answer to your question is that you do need cut sheets for fixtures and fittings.
Tristan,
Thanks for the help. I did click on the Doc toolkit and I don't see any documents. It might be because I have a free membership.
In any case, yes, I know that I definitely need cutsheets for new fixtures and fittings but my question was .... how about for the old fixtures and fittings. That's what I was unsure about.
Thanks again and I hope you have a wonderful day!
Patricia
Yes, sorry if that wasn't clear. The content in the Doc Toolkit is downloadable by members. I'd recommend trying a monthly membership—you can quit anytime.
LEED CI in a LEED NC building-overlapping credits
Hello everyone-
I may be overthinking this but I wanted to make sure. If the building my client is moving into is already LEED NC/CS (not sure which) certified, and thus most likely has water saving core fixtures (toilets, etc) I can still use those same fixtures to demonstrate compliance with LEED CI WEp1 and WEc1 thresholds, right? Even if we don't change the fixtures-can I still use them in our calcs to achieve the WE prereq? And does this same concept apply to other credits as well? e.g. minimum energy performance, bike storage and changing rooms,etc? I think I read somewhere that if showers were used to satisfy one tenant's LEED reqs then I can't use the same ones to satisfy the number of showers I would need.
Leslie, in most cases LEED-CI credits are designed to be more specify and not overlapping with NC-type requirements. For example, WEp1 only applies to fixtures in the tenant scope. Also, EAp2 requirements are very different for CI. With things like bike storage you do need to make sure you're not double-counting something that another CI project may be counting.
I hope this answers your question. More specfiic questions may come up, and be best addressed, the specific CI credit pages and forums.
WE Cr1 calculation for kitchen
Building should be certified by LEED CI 2009. How does this credit apply on calculating water efficiency in commercial kitchens as a part of restorant?
Should kitchen be taken into account and how? 21 persons are working in the kitchen?
For this credit you only take into account the specific fixtures such as lavatory sinks and toilets shown in the credit language (see the credit language tab above).
Kitchen sinks are included in the credit language, so does this mean that all the sinks within a commercial kitchen are included in credit caculations?
Sinks in the commercial kitchen area used to prepare and prep food for others should be considered process waterProcess water is used for industrial processes and building systems such as cooling towers, boilers, and chillers. It can also refer to water used in operational processes, such as dishwashing, clothes washing, and ice making. and not included here. Sinks used by you for preparing and prepping your lunch is domestic water and are included here.
Thanks for the speedy reply Susan.
Commercial Faucets
The project is one floor in an existing office building. The only bathroom contains one toilet and one faucet. Would the faucet be considered private, similar to a hotel room, or commercial as it is in an office? Thanks for the clarification.
Sounds like a commercial situation, as I'm assuming everyone on the floor has access to it. Doesn't seem very much like a hotel room, no?
I meant more by the private setting and fixtures involved. Thanks for the clarification.
Addenda revisions --- building vs tenant space
The released addenda for the 2009 LEED ID+C guide has replaced references to "building" with references to "tenant spaceTenant space is the area within the LEED project boundary. For more information on what can and must be in the LEED project boundary see the Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs) and LEED 2009 MPR Supplemental Guidance. Note: tenant space is the same as project space.", leading me to believe that we no longer need to include base building fixtures in either the prerequisite, or the credit calculations. Can someone verify if this is correct?
Correct, you only need to include fixtures within the tenant scope of work, plus showers if they are being relied upon under SSc3.
Tristan, where can I find this requirement regarding shower, again? Is it from your project experience or can you direct me some reference or literature I can go by? It makes sense for total water usage point of view, but what frustrates me is that I can’t find reference/literature to go for. Are we supposed to read between lines and keep guessing about credit requirements or depend upon other project experience? Thanks,
Seonhee, I'm sorry, but I can't recall where I've seen this documented. I have heard it directly from GBCI for projects, though, so I would trust it. In general, I think you can trust what you find in the Reference Guides and addenda, however, there are some small things like this to look out for. That's one thing this forum is good for.
Seonhee: were you ever able to locate the documentation? I'm looking for a historical lis of all the revisions/addendas affecting this credit. Thanks.
Metering Faucets
The credit guidelines indicate that metering faucets are limited to .25 gallons per use. This is the typical use of a metered faucets less than that would typically not wash your hands, to be specific - does this mean that metered faucets- and by that I mean faucets operated by electronic eye for a single pre-set flow: are not a valid strategy for achieving this credit?
Metered faucets can be used on a project pursuing this credit, but the LEED baseline for faucets is so stringent it will be tough to contribute much to the credit threshold in this way. Using toilets, urinals, and showers to earn the credit will be more important, as well as possible water reuse.
See additional guideline information from USGBC - It seems the baseline .25 gal per cycle can apparently be reduced in design case to 0.1 if you use .5 gpm @ 12 second cycle (the average cycle time for autocontrol faucetsAutocontrol faucets have automatic fixture sensors or metering controls.). This was adequate on my project to reduce beyond the 40% reduction, thereby eliminating the need for a $90,000 rainwater harvesting system to achieve 11 points.
http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=6493
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