CS-2009 IEQp2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control

  • Multi-rating system IEQp2 Credit Requirements Diagram
  • May be the only legal option

    Interior smoking is not allowed in many building types, and for those projects, this prerequisite should be easy and not add costs. It may even be the only legal option. To comply, you may need to establish a nonsmoking policy in and around the building (including entrances and balconies), and install appropriate signage.

    If smoking is allowed, stringent measures needed

    Multifamily residences and hotels may feel compelled to allow smoking in some or all units, and some projects, like airports, have designated smoking rooms. In these cases, stringent measures will be needed to stop movement of smoke from smoking to nonsmoking areas. These measures include air barriers between units, negative air pressure in smoking areas, separate exhaust systems, and blower-door testing, all of which may add design and construction costs. The added trouble of these measures is offset by some added benefits. The air barrier in particular can improve energy efficiency as well as acoustical privacy.

    Warning: Get ready for your blower door test

    Meeting the air leakage rateThe speed at which an appliance loses refrigerant, measured between refrigerant charges or over 12 months, whichever is shorter. The leakage rate is expressed in terms of the percentage of the appliance's full charge that would be lost over a 12-month period if the rate stabilized. (EPA Clean Air Act, Title VI, Rule 608). requirements for projects that must perform blower-door testing (multi-family and hotel projects allowing smoking) can be extremely challenging and a major barrier toward achieving LEED certification. The leakage rates require construction practices for unit sealing that are far beyond standard practice and as a result, many projects have failed the blower door tests and have not been eligible for certification.

    It is critical that a blower-door-testing consultant be brought onboard during design development or early duing construction documents to ensure that drawings are detailed enough to properly seal units. Get the whole team, including the commissioning agent, general contractor, and subcontractors on board with the necessary practices, and keep this same expert involved during construction to ensure proper sealing techniques are being followed.

    Project teams should perform a mock test of a typical unit to ensure sealing techniques are being followed and to identify any potential locations of air leakage. This ensures that problem areas are identified early on in the construction process so that problems can be corrected for the remainder of units. It can be very costly to correct common problem areas across a project if the testing is only done at the completion of the project.

    Use these questions to assess your project's compliance with this prerequisite

    • What is the project’s smoking policy?

    Smoking Not Allowed

    • If designated smoking areas are used, are they located 25 feet from entrances (primary and secondary), operable windows, and ventilation intakes?
    • Has the building indicated smoking areas and nonsmoking areas with appropriate signage?
    • Will smoking be prohibited on all areas of balconies and decks, even for private residences and hotel rooms, that are within 25 feet of entries, outdoor air intakes and operable windows of common spaces or other units?

    Smoking Allowed in Designated Interior Spaces

    • Has the mechanical system been designed to meet the necessary negative pressure requirements?
    • Have designated smoking areas been designed to adequately seal and minimize smoke transfer?
    • Have deck-to-deck partitions and other air-sealing construction practices been integrated into construction specifications?
    • Has a blower door or equivalent testing agent reviewed the construction documents to identify areas for potential air leakage?
    • Has the client been informed of the potential expense for blower door testing?
    • Has the contractor briefed subcontractors and installers about best practices for sealing smoking units?
    • Have air testing schedules been integrated in to the general construction schedule?

    FAQs for IEQp2

    Municipal law requires that our building be completely smoke-free inside. It also bans smoking next to the building, but it’s not as stringent as the 25 foot LEED requirement. Do we have to make another policy that bans smoking within 25 feet?

    Yes, if local regulations are not as strict as LEED, you must create a policy that complies with LEED standards (and communicate this policy to building users) to achieve this prerequisite. Exterior signage which communicates the policy is required so that all occupants, visitors, and passersby are made aware of the exterior smoking policy.

    Our outside smoking area is located less than 25 feet from an emergency exit. Is this okay since that door is rarely (if ever) used?

    The Reference Guide doesn’t explicitly make a distinction between a regular door and an emergency exit, making this a bit of a gray area. The safest bet is to assume they’re treated the same way under this prerequisite, which would require relocation of the smoking area to a compliant distance. If you’d like a definitive answer to this question you can submit a CIRCredit Interpretation Ruling. Used by design team members experiencing difficulties in the application of a LEED prerequisite or credit to a project. Typically, difficulties arise when specific issues are not directly addressed by LEED information/guide.

    How do you calculate the 25 ft. rule from designated smoking areas to building openings?

    The 25 feet should be calculated from the closest point within the smoking area to the building opening, going around any solid objects (balconies, walls, etc.) as needed. For calculating distances between a lower level smoking area and an upper floor building opening, it should be calculated starting from the ceiling of the lower floor to the nearest (lowest) point in the upper floor opening.

    We have a strict no-smoking policy and local smoking laws that all our employees are familiar with. Can we skip the signage?

    No. Visitors and other non-employees might not be familiar with the building policies or local smoking laws.

Legend

  • Best Practices
  • Gotcha
  • Action Steps
  • Cost Tip

Pre-Design

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  • Air sealing between units is recommended for several reasons, even if smoking is banned.  In multifamily buildings and hotels it is common for occupants to smoke inside their units despite nonsmoking policies. Without air sealing between units, other occupants may be exposed to secondhand smoke and odors. Air sealing between units also improves energy performance, particularly in high rises subject to the stack effect, in which warm, buoyant air rises upward, leading to thermal losses and ventilation problems. Acoustic privacy is also improved by air sealing, and air sealing also reduces pathways for vermin.


  • High quality construction using air sealing can be marketed as a building feature for multi-unit construction, and has been shown to attract premium rents and sales prices.


  • Banning smoking on private balconies is necessary if they are within 25 feet of a neighbor’s operable window or another building opening, even if smoking is allowed inside the unit. Multifamily tenants may be unhappy with these rules, so owners should carefully consider their policies, the needs and habits of their tenants, and the design and location of balconies and openings.


  • Establish the smoking policies for interior spaces and exterior spaces, including balconies, by working with the building owner. Many municipal codes do not permit smoking in public buildings, so banning smoking (Option 1) may be the only legal option in some cases.


  • Additional consultant costs may arise from documentation and testing processes, if projects choose to have interior designated smoking areas.


  • For Core and Shell projects, tenant guidelines should stipulate a non-smoking policy or extra care should be taken by the core and shell build-out to ensure interior designated smoking areas will be property sealed for future tenant uses.


  • For residential applications, adopting a no-smoking policy in Homeowners Association policies has been a good strategy for reducing ETS transfer between units. In past versions of LEED, this type of policy has also been sufficient to demonstrate compliance with the prerequisite requirements. However, because of changes to the credit language and LEED Online credit form, it is unclear if this strategy would be accepted as compliant without conducting blower door testing as well. Any multi-family project pursuing this type of strategy should be prepared to submit a CIR to confirm that the approach will be acceptable to the GBCI review team.

Schematic Design

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  • Incorporate smoking-related requirements into the commissioning documentation, including the Owner’s Project Requirements and the Basis of Design for EAp1: Fundamental Commissioning.


  • If allowing smoking in some units, clustering those rooms on one floor can keep the need for special air sealing and hallway pressurization strategies (which can be used in lieu of weatherstripping) relatively contained.

Design Development

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  • The mechanical engineer ensures that the HVAC design meets the exhaust and pressure levels of the LEED requirements. Also ensure that all units will receive adequate fresh air. A certain amount of air infiltration may be assumed, but the careful air-sealing associated with this credit may reduce the infiltration below expected levels. Ensure that mechanical systems, operable windows, or a combination, are able to provide enough ventilation. Make sure that pressure differences between the hallway and unit are enough to prevent cross contamination, but not so much that doors slam doors shut or are difficult to operate.


  • Operating energy use may be increased by maintaining the negative pressure requirements for interior designated smoking rooms. Designated smoking rooms in commercial properties can also add upfront costs associated with construction and design, added ventilation loads, and air sealing and deck-to-deck partitions. On the other hand, increased air sealing can decrease energy costs and increase rents, as noted earlier.


  • Eliminating smoking in a building costs virtually nothing and is the simplest way to control environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).  Possible associated costs would be the cost of signage indicating that the building is non-smoking and the development of a nonsmoking policy. Benefits include occupant health and productivity, and reduced cleaning and maintenance.

Construction Documents

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  • If any of the tenants in a Core & Shell project plan to build indoor designated smoking rooms, ensure that the surrounding areas are designed to protect the base building and surrounding tenant spaces from smoke.


  • In non-residential construction when smoking will be banned (Case 1, Option 1), incorporate smoking-related signage into plans and construction specifications. Fill out LEED Credit Form and upload all supporting documentation to LEED Online.


  • If smoking is to be allowed in certain areas (Case 1, Option 2 and Case 2), integrate deck-to-deck partitions and weatherstripping or pressurization into plans and construction document specifications.


  • Identify potential air leakage points in design and construction plans early. Common examples of areas where leakage occur include electrical boxes, air registers, window frames, and where walls meet the floor.


  • Ask a blower-door or air-barrier expert to review construction documents and shop drawings prior to the actual testing to ensure that problem areas, including deck to deck partitions, are likely to be sealed according to specifications.


  • Ensure that the blower door test is included in the contractor’s or any other responsible parties’ scope of work.

Construction

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  • Orient all subcontractors to air-sealing goals and quality-control practices.


  • The contractor schedules any necessary air pressure or blower door tests in their proper sequence. Testing occurs at various construction phases and ideally with a test unit to identify any leakages and opportunities for improvement in other units.


  • Involve an experienced blower-door testing agent in visual inspections before drywall is installed in any of the units. This will ensure that problem areas are addressed while they are still easily accessible. Also bring the blower-door expert in for early testing, once the drywall is installed, but before painting, finish materials, and appliances are installed. This will point out penetrations that need to be sealed between units and allow contractors to address those penetrations in the remaining units to ensure that all units meet the standard.


  • Conduct blower door tests, which in multifamily and hotel applications typically require a sampling of one out of every seven units. See the Home Energy Rating System program (link) for details on sampling rates. For any spaces that do not pass the blower door pressure test, correct any potential problems and retest, or another space has to be tested until 100 percent of the requisite number of spaces have successfully passed.


  • The cost of a blower door test will vary by region and project, but expect an average of  $500–$800 per test.


  • If smoking is to be allowed in certain areas (Case 1, Option 2 and Case 2), fill out LEED template and upload all supporting documentation to LEED Online.


  • A no-smoking policy for construction workers is not required for this prerequisite, but is a good practice, especially after the enclosure is installed, and will help achieve IEQc3.1: Construction IAQ Management

Operations & Maintenance

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  • Uphold and enforce the nonsmoking policy, if applicable. Nonsmoking policies can be enforced with documented building policies, and building signage.


  • Additional policies to support a nonsmoking building may include providing smokers with alternatives such as outdoor smoking areas, giving employees incentives to quit smoking, and if smoking is permitted in parts of the building, developing a phase-out plan.


  • Nonsmoking policies can be implemented with homeowners association policies, building signage, and other means of communicating with occupants.


  • Additional costs from maintaining designated smoking areas within a building may include more frequent and more rigorous cleaning, disposal of ashes and butts, and frequent change-out of  ventilation system filters. Light fixtures and finishes may also need to be replaced more frequently in designated smoking areas.

  • USGBC

    Excerpted from LEED 2009 for Core and Shell Development

    IEQ Prerequisite 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) control

    Required

    Intent

    To prevent or minimize exposure of building occupants, indoor surfaces and ventilation air distribution systems to environmental tobacco smoke (ETSEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS), or secondhand smoke, consists of airborne particles emitted from the burning end of cigarettes, pipes, and cigars, and is exhaled by smokers. These particles contain about 4,000 compounds, up to 50 of which are known to cause cancer.).

    Requirements

    If the building has a zero lot line condition, or cannot establish a 25-foot (8-meter) nonsmoking boundary around the building, prohibit smoking on the property and choose one of the following options:



    Option 1


    Prohibit smoking in the building.

    Prohibit on-property smoking within 25 feet (8 meters) of entries, outdoor air intakes and operable windows.

    Provide signage to allow smoking in designated areas, prohibit smoking in designated areas or prohibit smoking on the entire property.

    OR

    Option 2

    CASE 1. Non-residential projects

    Prohibit smoking in the building except in designated smoking areas.

    Prohibit on-property smoking within 25 feet (8 meters) of entries, outdoor air intakes and operable windows.

    Provide signage to allow smoking in designated areas, prohibit smoking in designated areas or prohibit smoking on the entire property.

    Provide designated smoking rooms designed to contain, capture and remove ETSEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS), or secondhand smoke, consists of airborne particles emitted from the burning end of cigarettes, pipes, and cigars, and is exhaled by smokers. These particles contain about 4,000 compounds, up to 50 of which are known to cause cancer. from the building. At a minimum, the smoking room must be directly exhausted to the outdoors, away from air intakes and building entry paths, with no recirculation of ETS-containing air to nonsmoking areas and enclosed with impermeable

    deck-to-deck partitions. The smoking room must be operated at a negative pressure, compared with the surrounding spaces, of at least an average of 5 Pascals (Pa) (0.02 inches of water gauge) and a minimum of 1 Pa (0.004 inches of water gauge) when the doors to the smoking rooms are closed.

    Verify performance of the smoking rooms’ differential air pressures by conducting 15 minutes of measurement, with a minimum of 1 measurement every 10 seconds, of the differential pressure in the smoking room with respect to each adjacent area and in each adjacent vertical chase with the doors to the smoking room closed. Conduct the testing with each space configured for worst-case conditions of transport of air from the smoking rooms (with closed doors) to adjacent spaces.

    CASE 2. Residential and hospitality projects

    Prohibit smoking in all common areas of the building.

    Locate any exterior designated smoking areas, including balconies where smoking is permitted, at least 25 feet (8 meters) from entries, outdoor air intakes and operable windows opening to common areas.

    Prohibit on-property smoking within 25 feet (8 meters) of entries, outdoor air intakes and operable windows.

    Provide signage to allow smoking in designated areas, prohibit smoking in designated areas or prohibit smoking on the entire property.

    Weather-strip all exterior doors and operable windows in the residential units to minimize leakage from outdoors.


    Minimize uncontrolled pathways for ETS transfer between individual residential units by sealing penetrations in walls, ceilings, and floors in the residential units and by sealing vertical chases adjacent to the units.

    Weather-strip all doors in the residential units leading to common hallways to minimize air leakage into the

    hallway1.

    Demonstrate acceptable sealing of residential units by a blower door testA blower door test gives an overall value for airtightness of a space, and can help identify air leaks. The testing unit consists of a calibrated fan that is sealed onto the unit entrance. The fan creates a continuous flow of pressure into the unit (or out of the unit when using theatrical fog to locate leaks). Devices detect the rate of pressure retention and loss due to possible air leaks in the construction. conducted in accordance with ANSI/ASTMVoluntary standards development organization which creates source technical standards for materials, products, systems, and services-E779-03, Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage RateThe speed at which an appliance loses refrigerant, measured between refrigerant charges or over 12 months, whichever is shorter. The leakage rate is expressed in terms of the percentage of the appliance's full charge that would be lost over a 12-month period if the rate stabilized. (EPA Clean Air Act, Title VI, Rule 608). by Fan Pressurization. Projects outside the U.S. may use a local equivalent to ANSI/ASTM-E779-03, Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate By Fan Pressurization.

    Use the progressive sampling methodology defined in Chapter 4 (Compliance Through Quality Construction) of the Residential Manual for Compliance with California’s 2001 Energy Efficiency Standards.

    Residential units must demonstrate less than 1.25 square inches leakage area per 100 square feet (8 square centimeters of leakage area per 10 square meters) of enclosure area (i.e., sum of all wall, ceiling and floor areas).

    Potential Technologies & Strategies

    Prohibit smoking in commercial buildings or effectively control the ventilation air in smoking rooms. For residential buildings, prohibit smoking in common areas and design building envelope and systems to minimize ETSEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS), or secondhand smoke, consists of airborne particles emitted from the burning end of cigarettes, pipes, and cigars, and is exhaled by smokers. These particles contain about 4,000 compounds, up to 50 of which are known to cause cancer. transfer among dwelling units.

    FOOTNOTE

    1 If the common hallways are pressurized with respect to the residential units then doors in the residential units leading to the common hallways need not be weather-stripped provided that the positive differential pressure is demonstrated as in Option 2, Case 1 above, considering the residential unit as the smoking room.

Publications

Smoking In The Workplace: Guidelines For Implementing A Smoke Free Policy

This publication from Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights details the legal basis for constructing a smoke-free workplace policy.


The Percentage of Gamblers Who Smoke: A Study of Nevada Casinos and other Gaming Venues (Chris A. Pritsos)

This study finds that the percentage of gamblers who smoke is not significantly different from the percentage of the general population who smoke, undermining claims that barring smoking in casinos would have a devastating economic impact.


Environmental Tobacco Smoke

This EPA document summarizes environmental tobacco smoke research and provides information on national laws targeting the issue.

Organizations

Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights

ANR advocates for non-smokers' interests and provides information for those wishing to prohibit smoking in public places.

Technical Guides

IEQ Space Matrix

This spreadsheet categories dozens of specific space types according to how they should be applied under various IEQ credits. This document is essential if you have questions about how various unique space types should be treated.


U.S. Dept. of Energy - Air Sealing

Guidelines for proper air sealing techniques.


U.S. Dept. of Energy - Blower Door Tests

Provides general background on blower door tests.

Smoking Policy

All Options

Establish and communicate a policy prohibiting smoking within 25 feet of building openings.

Smoking Area Plan

All Options

Provide a map showing that designated outdoor smoking areas are 25 feet or more from building openings.

Pressurization and Air Leakage Testing

Provide drawings, data, and a narrative explaining pressurization and leakage rate testing protocols.

Design Submittal

PencilDocumentation for this credit can be part of a Design Phase submittal.

38 Comments

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charles bell principal theGreenTeam, Inc.
Mar 13 2013
LEEDuser Member
345 Thumbs Up

Smoking areas

We prohibit smoking in our office buildings, but have a central plaza which will provide designated smoking area. Question: does that designated smoking area need to be covered? Thanks!!

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Tristan Roberts LEED AP BD+C, Editorial Director – LEEDuser, BuildingGreen, Inc. Mar 21 2013 LEEDuser Moderator

No, not according to LEED. However, if on a practical basis smokers might gravitate to covered areas closer to the building, you might want to consider it.

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charles bell principal, theGreenTeam, Inc. Mar 22 2013 LEEDuser Member 345 Thumbs Up

Thanks Tristan!!

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Jiri Dobias
Feb 12 2013
LEEDuser Member
444 Thumbs Up

Smoking Room Testing

Dear Leedusers,

our project will include one smoking room within a restaurant space. However, the tenant will construct this smoking room during his fit-out works and therefore we are unable to provide testing data for the interior smoking room in either design phase nor during construction phase (the fit-out will be delayed).
Nevertheless, the CS building has necessary ductwork prepared but from my point of view the smoking room is out of our CS scope.
Any thoughts about it?

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Tristan Roberts LEED AP BD+C, Editorial Director – LEEDuser, BuildingGreen, Inc. Feb 12 2013 LEEDuser Moderator

Jiri, see the LEED BD&C Reference Guide, appendix 4, Case C.

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Jiri Dobias Feb 12 2013 LEEDuser Member 444 Thumbs Up

I expected this answer. Thank you Tristan for confirmation.

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Marcio Orofino ENE Consultores
Jan 28 2013
LEEDuser Member
80 Thumbs Up

Multi-unit residential buildings

According to the reference guide, there are:

CASE 1 OPTION 1, where smoking is prohibited,
CASE 1 OPTION 2 (Non-residential projects), where smoking is prohibited except in designated areas, AND
CASE 2 (Residential and Hospitality Projects), where smoking shall be prohibited in all common areas and within 25ft of entries, and some requirements are set for private units, such as weather-strip exterior windows and doors, sealing of vertical chases, and ANSI/ASTMVoluntary standards development organization which creates source technical standards for materials, products, systems, and services-E779-03 compliance.

We have noticed that CASE 1 OPTION 2 allows areas for smoking since these are designed accordingly (isolation smoking rooms), BUT IT IS NOT CLEAR WHETHER THE SMOKING ROOM IS REQUIRED FOR CASE 2.

Hence, for a multi-unit residential building (CASE 2):
1. Shall each apartment be treated as an isolation smoking room and have their ante rooms at entries? (As long as smoking is prohibited at balconies, CASE 2 requirements are met, and each apartment HVAC system is designed so there is no recirculation of ETSEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS), or secondhand smoke, consists of airborne particles emitted from the burning end of cigarettes, pipes, and cigars, and is exhaled by smokers. These particles contain about 4,000 compounds, up to 50 of which are known to cause cancer. to other dwelling units)
OR
2. Are isolation smoking rooms required for each apartment?
OR
3. In case isolation smoking rooms are not required, must be there a very specific area within the dwelling unit where smoking is allowed? (in other words, in order to respect the 25ft minimum distance from entries, shall smoking be prohibited in every small room that is exposed to the outdoors? The concern would be to protect the entries of adjacent apartments).

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Tristan Roberts LEED AP BD+C, Editorial Director – LEEDuser, BuildingGreen, Inc. Mar 22 2013 LEEDuser Moderator

Marcio, I think that you could treat an entire apartment as a designated smoking area as long as all the detailed requirements are met.

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Jiri Dobias
Dec 06 2012
LEEDuser Member
444 Thumbs Up

Core and Shell project including restaurant

Our project is a C&S building with a restaurant on the ground floor. A tenant has been already appointed but he wants to have his restaurant meant for smokers. My question is: is it possible to designate the whole restaurant as one smoking space with required construction adjustments (separate exhaust system, insulation etc.) with all necessary testing?
Thank you in advance for any suggestion and thoughts.

Jiri

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Bill Swanson PE, LEED AP, Integrated Architecture Dec 06 2012 LEEDuser Expert 9744 Thumbs Up

If the restaurant has the chance for non-smokers to be inside then it is not a designated smoking space.

8/14/2003 ID# 610
The prerequisite requires, "Zero exposure of nonsmokers to ETSEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS), or secondhand smoke, consists of airborne particles emitted from the burning end of cigarettes, pipes, and cigars, and is exhaled by smokers. These particles contain about 4,000 compounds, up to 50 of which are known to cause cancer. by prohibition of smoking in the building, OR, provide a designated smoking room designed to effectively contain, capture and remove ETS from the building". The CIRCredit Interpretation Ruling. Used by design team members experiencing difficulties in the application of a LEED prerequisite or credit to a project. Typically, difficulties arise when specific issues are not directly addressed by LEED information/guide narrative implies that the entire restaurant is being treated as a smoking room. While this approach will prevent building occupants in other spaces within the building from tobacco smoke exposure, it does not protect non-smoking restaurant patrons from smoke within the space. If smoking cannot be prohibited in the restaurant, the project team and owner may wish to consider creating a fully contained smoking section within the facility that meets the requirements set forth under the prerequisite. Applicable Internationally.

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Jiri Dobias Dec 06 2012 LEEDuser Member 444 Thumbs Up

Thank you for such a fast reply. So if we create a fully contained smoking section for cigarette-loving customers within our restaurant, we will comply?

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Bill Swanson PE, LEED AP, Integrated Architecture Dec 06 2012 LEEDuser Expert 9744 Thumbs Up

Is the staff serving that side of the restaurant also all smokers? It will be a difficult case to prove. There is a more recent interpretation about connecting a new building to an existing building with smoking. I've modified the text below to your situation. You may want to submit your own official question to GBCI for a ruling.

Measures must be taken to ensure that Environmental Tobacco Smoke from the smoking space does not enter the new building. There must be self-closing doors and impermeable deck-to-deck partitions separating the building from the smoking space. Furthermore, there must be an exhaust system sufficient to create a negative pressure differential between the building and the smoking space (or connecting corridor) of at least an average of 5 Pascals (Pa) and a minimum of 1 Pa when the doors between the building and the smoking space are closed. Performance of the required air pressure differentials must be verified by conducting 15 minutes of measurement with a minimum of one measurement every 10 seconds. Note that we are essentially requiring isolation of the connected smoking space with mechanical exhaust as if it were a designated smoking room with respect to the LEED-certifying building. Please refer to Option 2, Case 1, of IEQp2 for additional details on how to properly isolate, and verify the performance of, a designated smoking room. Smoking must also be prohibited within the smoking space within 25ft of the connection to the rest of the LEED building. All other requirements of IEQp2 must also be met for the new building pursuing LEED Certification.

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Cory Benson Managing Director Made Sustainable
Sep 19 2012
LEEDuser Member
178 Thumbs Up

Residential Blower Door Test results

Our Blower door tests of the residential top floor of a mixed use building reports the findings as Total Airflow through the door seals [m3/h] at a given pressure differential [Pa]. The also calculate Airflow through 1m of joint [m3/(h*m)], which both make sense.
But the credit requirement indicates square inches of leakage (per 100sqft of enclosure area.)

How do we go from measure airflow at a given pressure to an 'assumed' leakage area? (obviously we can calculate the enclosure area, but I am stumped by this demonstrated leakage area.)

Please advise.

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Severin Lenel Sep 28 2012 LEEDuser Member 128 Thumbs Up

Hi Cory, please check this: http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/blogs/dept/musings/blower-door-basics. Further down the page you will find explanations that should answer your question.
Comments appreciated.

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Sarah Sachs Buro Happold
May 29 2012
LEEDuser Member
139 Thumbs Up

No-smoking Signage provided as part of tenant package

Hi,

I am working on a LEED CS project with a single tenant. The tenant has a no-smoking policy and is providing signage throughout the property and building. Would it be acceptable for the CS project to submit the tenant no-smoking signage (part of tenant package) as documentation for IEQp2? The tenant has a 20 year lease. If this is not acceptable we will end up with 2 sets of signage...!

Any insight would be great.

Thank you.

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Tristan Roberts LEED AP BD+C, Editorial Director – LEEDuser, BuildingGreen, Inc. Mar 22 2013 LEEDuser Moderator

Sarah, based on CS Appendix 4, I think this approach shoud be fine.

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Angela Saggin
Mar 29 2012
Guest
226 Thumbs Up

On-property smoking

Hi!

I'm working on a project of a multifamiliar building and we've chose Option 2, Case 2.

It's prohibit to smoke in all common areas, except on a specific area more than 25 ft from entries and openings, and we're going to make a blower door testA blower door test gives an overall value for airtightness of a space, and can help identify air leaks. The testing unit consists of a calibrated fan that is sealed onto the unit entrance. The fan creates a continuous flow of pressure into the unit (or out of the unit when using theatrical fog to locate leaks). Devices detect the rate of pressure retention and loss due to possible air leaks in the construction. to demonstrate the acceptable sealing of residential units.

But we understood that it's also necessary to prohibit smoking inside the appartments, is that right? It's really difficult to control and assure that the tenants won't smoke inside their own properties.

If we garantee that the appartment is well sealed, it's still necessary to prohibit on-property smoking??

Thanks!

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Emily Catacchio Sustainability Specialist, Wight and Company Apr 16 2012 LEEDuser Moderator

Angela,

If this is a residential project then you must "prohibit smoking in all common areas of the building," but not in the residential units themselves. There are a number of requirements for Option 2 Case 2: Residential Projects. I would suggest reading through those  in the Credit Language tab above.

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Angela Saggin Apr 16 2012 Guest 226 Thumbs Up

Thanks Emily!

One more question...

We thought we would be able to run the blower door testA blower door test gives an overall value for airtightness of a space, and can help identify air leaks. The testing unit consists of a calibrated fan that is sealed onto the unit entrance. The fan creates a continuous flow of pressure into the unit (or out of the unit when using theatrical fog to locate leaks). Devices detect the rate of pressure retention and loss due to possible air leaks in the construction. but we're having a lot of trouble in finding someone to run it for us. As far as we know, there isn't anything similar here in Brazil, neither anyone to run the test nor a local standard that assure something like that.

We've found an enterprise that runs a test with infrared and generates thermal images that allows to calculate the volume of air that can leak from the appartment. It can be accepted as an alternative compliance path?

If the answer is no, then what other way we could prove that there isn't leak of air?

Thanks again!

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Angela Saggin Jun 05 2012 Guest 226 Thumbs Up

Hi Emilly!
We still hadn't found someone to run the blower test for us, any suggestion of an alternative compliance for our project? We're running out of time.
If we decide to use the infrared, does it have any chance the reviewers to accept it?

Thanks!

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Emily Catacchio Sustainability Specialist, Wight and Company Jun 12 2012 LEEDuser Moderator

Angela,

Unfortunately, I don't have experience using this alternative compliance path. It sounds like the method you described might be acceptable, but I cannot say for sure. You may want to repost your question under ACP - Alternative Compliance Paths for international projects here on LEED User.

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Joaquim Lima
Dec 14 2011
Guest
206 Thumbs Up

Good day! My project is

Good day!

My project is residential, pre-certified in Core & Shell. In our project will be no smoking in common areas of the building. Being allowed to smoke only in a smoking area open to the outdoors, more than 25 feet from any building entrance.

The apartments of the residents are not certified because the certification is only the common areas and within the apartments do not have the owner to prohibit smoking.

So my question is:
I need to do the blower door testA blower door test gives an overall value for airtightness of a space, and can help identify air leaks. The testing unit consists of a calibrated fan that is sealed onto the unit entrance. The fan creates a continuous flow of pressure into the unit (or out of the unit when using theatrical fog to locate leaks). Devices detect the rate of pressure retention and loss due to possible air leaks in the construction. in apartments, or in any other area of ​​my building? Since we have no closed rooms for smokers.

Thank you!

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Tristan Roberts LEED AP BD+C, Editorial Director – LEEDuser, BuildingGreen, Inc. Feb 21 2012 LEEDuser Moderator

Joaquim, you would have to comply with the requirements of Option 2, Case 2, as outlined above under the credit language. In that case, blower-door testing is one of the requirements.

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Omar Katanani
Dec 02 2011
LEEDuser Member
5122 Thumbs Up

Non-Smoking Signage

Dear all,

We're going for Option 1 of this prerequisite for a very large retail mall.

No smoking will be allowed indoors, and we will provide "NO SMOKING" signs internally.

Any thoughts on the required number of signs per floor and in the parking?
Or should the Architect decide on the optimum number?

Thanks!

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Tristan Roberts LEED AP BD+C, Editorial Director – LEEDuser, BuildingGreen, Inc. Feb 21 2012 LEEDuser Moderator

George, the architect should decide on this. It's not an exact science, but there should definitely be plenty of the signs.

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oliver schuster BSD-Arch, LEED AP muerlepartner
Aug 01 2011
Guest
18 Thumbs Up

ETS - Testing

Hello,
we are currently working on a project and the owner intends to include several smoking rooms for the project.
Will the team be required to conduct blower-door-testing for each and every smoking room or will it be sufficient to perform one exemplary test?
It would be great if you could give me your opinion on this issue.
Many Thanks!

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Tristan Roberts LEED AP BD+C, Editorial Director – LEEDuser, BuildingGreen, Inc. Nov 22 2011 LEEDuser Moderator

Oliver, I believe that each room needs to be tested—better quality control in terms of construction practices.

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Ralf Lehmann M.Sc. | Dipl.-Ing. (FH) | LEED AP BD&C ALPHA Energy & Environment GmbH
Nov 04 2010
Guest
224 Thumbs Up

Combine smoking room exhaust with restroom exhaust

Sometimes it seams to be easier to combine the air duct system of the exhaust system of a restroom to that of a smoking room. In my oppinion there is no problem to match the requirement on the ventilation, if the system exhausts directly to outdoors.
I hope I'm right.

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Ralf Lehmann M.Sc. | Dipl.-Ing. (FH) | LEED AP BD&C, ALPHA Energy & Environment GmbH Nov 08 2010 Guest 224 Thumbs Up

Hello,
as my question above is not answered yet, I have an additional Question.
Within a CS-Project the owner is not willing to provide public smoking rooms. Furthermore there is no possibility to provide onsite outdoor smoking areas at a suitable position (25 ft). Some of the tenants decided to build their own smoking rooms some didn’t.
Is there a responsibility for building owners to provide designated smoking areas onsite in CS-Projects?
Thank you for your answers.
Ralf

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Tristan Roberts LEED AP BD+C, Editorial Director – LEEDuser, BuildingGreen, Inc. Nov 11 2010 LEEDuser Moderator

Ralf, based on the credit requirements it seems that if the exhaust from the smoking room meets the required pressure, it's okay to combined the exhaust with other rooms.

For your other question, building owners must either prohibit smoking, or if smoking will be allowed in designated places, the requirements outlined in the credit language must be followed, even if it's the tenant that builds the room. Make sense?

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Ralf Lehmann M.Sc. | Dipl.-Ing. (FH) | LEED AP BD&C, ALPHA Energy & Environment GmbH Nov 12 2010 Guest 224 Thumbs Up

Thanks Tristan. In my oppinion that makes sense.

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Omar Katanani
Sep 14 2010
LEEDuser Member
5122 Thumbs Up

Minimum distance between smoking room exhaust and windows

Hello,

Under option 2 of this credit, the LEED Guidance states that: "At a minimum, the smoking room must be directly exhausted to the outdoors, away from air intakes and building entry paths , with no recirculation of ETSEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS), or secondhand smoke, consists of airborne particles emitted from the burning end of cigarettes, pipes, and cigars, and is exhaled by smokers. These particles contain about 4,000 compounds, up to 50 of which are known to cause cancer. contaning air to non smoking areas".

However the guidance does not specify the min distance required between the air intakes and the exhaust. Should we assume it's 25 feet (just like min distance between on-property smoking and air intakes/windows). What if the exhausted air is well filtered before exiting the building ?

Many thanks,

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Tristan Roberts LEED AP BD+C, Editorial Director – LEEDuser, BuildingGreen, Inc. Sep 16 2010 LEEDuser Moderator

I would assume it's at least 25 feet, but if you want it to be closer, perhaps you could make a case for it in some fashion. I think this would be difficult, though.

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Ran Zhang LEED Consultant
Aug 29 2010
LEEDuser Member
353 Thumbs Up

High Residential Options

I am working on a high rise building with 22 stories. Is that eligible for choosing: Option 1- All Project - No Smoking in Buiding? Thanks.

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Tristan Roberts LEED AP BD+C, Editorial Director – LEEDuser, BuildingGreen, Inc. Aug 29 2010 LEEDuser Moderator

Yes, definitely. Make sure to provide plenty of signage to prevent smoking in the building and near entrances, including any balconies.

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Ran Zhang LEED Consultant Aug 30 2010 LEEDuser Member 353 Thumbs Up

Thanks Mr.Roberts. ...
I am sorry to say the building type, it is a residential project with individuale family unit in each floor. What about that?

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Tristan Roberts LEED AP BD+C, Editorial Director – LEEDuser, BuildingGreen, Inc. Aug 30 2010 LEEDuser Moderator

You can earn the credit this way, just make sure that smoking is truly prohibited and that occupants will clearly understand that they can't smoke in their individual units.

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Ran Zhang LEED Consultant Aug 30 2010 LEEDuser Member 353 Thumbs Up

Thanks Tristan. That makes sense.

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