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Monitor energy—or more
Measurement and verification (M&V) involves recording actual energy use over the course of occupancy, and comparing that data with the estimated energy use seen in the design. The M&V process ensures all systems are performing as specified and identifies any anomalies in equipment, operations procedures or user habits. In addition, an M&V plan can help reduce energy costs, assist with commissioning, and, over time, document and improve the efficiencies of energy conservation measures.
M&V gives you a plan and a system to compare your project’s actual performance against design predictions. While M&V can be applied to a variety of metrics including water use and indoor environmental quality, this credit focuses only on energy performance. To earn it, you’ll...
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86 Comments
Developing the plan post-construction
Is there any reason that we couldn't develop an M&V plan post-construction, assuming we have the necessary controls in place?
You can develop a M&V Plan anytime prior to your construction submission for LEED. The controls relate only as your control system is set up to provide at least some of the data you will need to perform the M&V. At this point you are basically stuck with the currently installed data collection which was installed (unless you want to spend more money) so depending on the set up you may have to gather data the old-fashioned way through spot measurements and short-term trending meters.
Option 3 - Whole Building Reporting / Energy Star PM
Energy Star Portfolio Manager does not cover all building types. Were a building to not fall into an Energy Star category, is it allowed to simply report the whole building energy and water use through another means (i.e. spreadsheet)?
Thanks!
Even though Portfolio Manager does not cover your building type you can still enter the data for USGBC through it. Alternatively you can send the data to USGBC. Contact LEEDPerformance@usgbc.org for specific instructions.
M&V plan - Option D vs. Energy Standard
Our LEED project is situated in Norway. We had to run energy simulations after ASHRAE 90.1-2007 for LEED purposes. However the "real" energy simulations for the building is run after NS3031:2007 the Norwegian standard for energy use in builings. This is also the standard which gives the framework for the building in operations. The question is then what standard to use in the M&V plan ? If the EA c5 should have som meaning for us I suppose we have to use NS3031:2007 ?
You might be able to use the local standard but it would imply some risk in LEED.
The purpose of this credit is to verify the energy savings you predicted under EAc1 Optimize Energy Performance. Using something other than the model you have submitted for EAc1 will require much explaining and justification. You may or may not be able to do so, but trying to use the local standard is risky for LEED.
Just like you had to do a model under 90.1-2007, the M&V Plan should be based on it too. Sounds like you have to use NS3031:2007 in operations anyway.
Thanks Marcus.
I guess we have to discuss this with the building owner. There will be some more work to be done, and a little bit higher cost for operations on the maintenance staff.
EAc5 one point for signing Energy and Water Data Release Form
Los Angeles Water and Power does not share information with Energy Star. Is there a way that projects within it's jurisidction acheive the 1 point by collecting and submitong their energy bills for the first year of operation, or some other method?
The project can enter the data into Energy Star's Portfolio Manager directly from the energy and water bills.
https://www.energystar.gov/istar/pmpam/
Highrise condo - What to monitor and meter
With a 54 unit highrise condo, what would be acceptable to meter to meet the requirements of the credit. Individual unit electric meters? I can't imagine putting CTs on 130 individual heat pumpA type of heating and/or cooling equipment that draws heat into a building from outside and, during the cooling season, ejects heat from the building to the outside. Heat pumps are vapor-compression refrigeration systems whose indoor/outdoor coils are used reversibly as condensers or evaporators, depending on the need for heating or cooling. In the 2003 CBECS, specific information was collected on whether the heat pump system was a packaged unit, residential-type split system, or individual room heat pump, and whether the heat pump was air source, ground source, or water source. units? There is no lighting control panels per se to monitor. What would you suggest we monitor as part of the M&V plan
Hey Rob,
The metering needs to get to individual energy end uses (i.e. lighting, plug loads, HVAC, etc.) and does not have to be permenent. You might consider doing some spot measurements and short-term trending on a sampling of units as a possibility if you can get enough owners to cooperate. Having a whole unit meter on those would be a good idea too (assuming that the units are not separately metered already).
You don't have to measure everything but need to derive everything based on your measurements.
Why is M&V not part of LEED 2012 ?
Quote :- “Our goal is to show that real leaders share data,” says Scot Horst, USGBC’s Senior VP for LEED. tsalking about making energy use data public.
Yet it has been reported that the full M&V process will no longer be required in LEED 2012 ?
What gives ?
Mike, where is that being reported? My analysis of the current draft of LEED 2012 is that M&V is still in there, just in a restructured way. Please take a look at that and post on that forum to give USGBC your comments.
Google "LEED 2012: The USGBC Adds Teeth, Real-Time Reporting To Its Green Building Ratings "
What i liked about the full IPMVPThe International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) provides best-practice protocol for measurement and verification of new construction. This standard is referenced in LEED's measurement and verification credits. M&V approach in 2009 is that it allowed one to prove the energy savings for any ECMEnergy conservation measures are installations or modifications of equipment or systems intended to reduce energy use and costs. or process - factories included. I am concerned that 2012 will reduce the flexibility ?
But 2012 seems to more straight forward and that has to be good.
It doesn't seem like this
It doesn't seem like this credit should be so complicated. We have a full DDC system in the new building, which is part of a campus. We already have a Honeywell team on site to monitor other buildings and rectify problems, and they'll be doing the same for the new building. Can't we just write up a summary of the DDC points and how exactly they'll be monitored and problems acted upon?
The purpose of this is to validate energy savings.
DDC points and the information needed to perform the verification are very different things in many cases.
Energy Star Portfolio Manager Naming
PIf4 says: Note: Project titles in portfolio manager must be the same as the LEED registered project name. Projects must also include their LEED project identification number in the notes portion of each Portfolio Manager registered property. The notes section is located on the "General Facility Information" page.
However, we are working on a publicly funded university that is considered a 'state' building. The state is currently benchmarking all of their facilities in Portfolio Manager. However, the consultant doing the benchmarking is required to label these in a very specific manner per their contract with the state. As you can see from the above text, USGBC requires a separate naming function. The facility will be benchmarked, but will we not get the credit because we couldn't name the facility according to the USGBC requirements? Any ideas on this?
Took me a while to track down the answer.
Within the general facility information section of Portfolio Manager there is a box labeled “Unique Building Identifier”. This is were projects should enter their LEED project # and name within the general facility information section if they cannot name the project identical to the project name submitted for LEED.
Option 3, if no whole bldg. utility meter is installed?
How can I apply for Option 3, if my project doesn't a whole building utility meter installed? Our LEED building is located on a "campus". So the campus does have a utility meter installed.
My question is, can we use a submeterSubmetering is used to determine the proportion of energy or water use within a building attributable to specific end uses such as tenant spaces, or subsystems such as the heating component of an HVAC system., installed at the LEED building in order to provide USGBC with the utility data?
The campus submeterSubmetering is used to determine the proportion of energy or water use within a building attributable to specific end uses such as tenant spaces, or subsystems such as the heating component of an HVAC system.(s) for your building would still count as "whole building meters" for your project building, even though they are not owned by the utility.
As an example, many campus buildings could be served from a combination of electricity, steam, hot water, chilled water, domestic water, etc., and each of these that you have would require a submeter that serves only the project building.
Option 3???
The EAc5 form shows an Option 3, stating "The project team has committed to share whole-building energy and water use data through the Energy and Water Use Data Release Form in PI Form 1: Minimum Program Requirements." This option 3 does not show up in the Intent and Requirements tab online, nor is it shown in the LEED 2009 manual. Can you explain this?
Denise, Option 3 was added through the LEED addenda process—it wasn't originally included, which is why it's not in the original LEED Reference Guide.
How much flexibilty do you have with what gets sub-metered?
Say you have a fairly complex project, but the facility engineers only want to sub-meter 7 electrical systems for measurement and verification. The rest of the energy will be monitored through the utility meters and calibrated to the M&V plan. Would this be option B, D,a hybrid of both or unacceptable for this LEED credit?
Ted, I sent you a message off-line with some greater detail, but the short version is that for a complex building Option D is preferred due to the interaction between ECMs.
Under Option D there is flexibility to focus on monitoring the variables that have the greatest impact on ECM performance and energy use in the building.
why only a plan and not a final report after M&V?
To earn this credit all we submit is the plan which basically says we're going to recalibrate and we'll deal with any problems later, right? Is there any backcheck from GBCI on this? I know they can get the records if they want it, but I'm surprised that they don't require a report indicating what corrective action was taken. Is this planned for the future?
Yep just the M&V Plan for now. It is obviously dishonest at best to submit a plan with no intentions of implementing it, but there is no current requirement to submit the results of its implementation.
The next version of LEED requires that executed contracts are in place to implement the plan.
M&V Plan at design stage or construction stage ?
Hello,
Do we submit the M&V Plan credit at design stage or construction stage ? Your checklist shows that the M&V plan should be developed at construction stage whereas the LEED online shows that this is a design credit.
Thanks,
EAc5 is a construction credit as far as I know.
M&V data reporting
Please verify the reporting period is 1 year and not 2. Your sample M&V plan talks about a two year M&V period.
Are templates available for data reporting and is there a required format? Is supporting documentation required to substantiate data?
Can you explain how data reporting works with Energy Star Portfolio Mananger?
Thanks!
Yes it is only 1 year. You can find templates in some sample plans or can create your own. No required format and they are usually pretty simple.
For the credit you only need to submit the M&V Plan. No data yet collected typically, so no supporting documentation needed.
Not sure I understand the last question. Can you clarify Sandra?
Monitoring in a multi residential complex
How is this credit addressed in a multi residential complex (77 student apartments) where tenants pay their own energy bills?
Since the difficulty is gathering data from 77 distinct units I would probably think about developing a sampling protocol to apply and then extrapolate. If the result is not within the expectations then sample some more.
Sample of Measurement and Verification report for Option B?
Dear all,
Do you have any sample of Measurement and Verifiation report for Option B?
Thank you and cheers!
Eric, LEEDuser doesn't currently have an Option B sample, but I'm working on getting one. Thanks for the question.
Option D: Baseline Model
Hello,
I have some questions regarding Option D - Calibrated Simulation:
1) Can we use the ASHRAE 90.1-2007 baseline used in EA cr 1 -Option1 as the M&V baseline ?
2) I understand from the above that one of the ways to measure the savings is to substract the metered post-construction energy use from the energy use of the calibrated baseline model (i.e. baseline calibrated with actual weather and occupancy). If this is the case, then I do not need to calibrate the proposed model as well and compare it to the actual energy consumption ? do I ?
Thanks for the help.
Yes, 90.1-2007 is an acceptable baseline.
In order to produce a calibrated baseline model you will first have to calibrate the proposed model. So you must calibrate the proposed model with the actual utility bills in order to determine if you have achieved an acceptable level of calibration.
Marcus,
Thanks for your reply.
I presume that if the results from the calibrated proposed model differ from the annual energy costs (deduced from bills) by over 10%, we will need to develop an corrective action plan, am I right ?
Thanks,
Your M&V Plan should contain a general corrective action plan in the event that the savings are not verified. The Plan would also spell out the acceptable accuracy of the calibration. Once calibrated within the acceptable accuracy the actual savings are then determined by comparing the calibrated model to a calibrated baseline model. If the actual savings differ from the predicted savings by a significant amount then the corrective action plan kicks in.
M&V for MURB/retirement home
I'm in the process of creating a M&V plan for a retirment building which is basically a MURB. Determining what to meter on the central plant is relative straight forward, however the problem I'm having is the suites will not be individually monitored due to the nature of the building however the majority of the lighting and heating load will be consumed by each suite via an individual floor electrical panel.
I'd appreciate someones experience on this as to how to monitor these loads?
For M&V you do not need to measure energy use by the suite. You want to measure by energy end uses like lighting, heating, etc. Sounds like you are headed in the right direction just make sure your measurement scheme can account for all of the energy end uses either directly or indirectly.
Exactly how you would measure what, depends upon many factors. I always try to find the least expensive method (permanent sub-meter, spot measurements, short-term trending, etc.) to get the data I need.
Plan for corrective action
Does anyone have a successful example of how detailed such a plan should be and what needs to be addressed?
I suppose the action would depend on what portion was not meeting expectations, but probably needs to address how and who is budgeted to respond to any deficiencies that are discovered and in what time frame. Is this generally true? Would love to see an example.
This part of the M&V Plan can't be very detailed since you do not know what needs to be done yet. You are correct that what you will do depends upon the issues uncovered. In general the action plan simply identifies what you will be doing when deviations occur between the projected savings and the actual savings. Typically this involves identifying additional energy saving strategies in the facility and using the calibrated model, for example, to determine additional energy savings. The cost and savings of the additional energy saving measures should be summarized in the final M&V report. We always indicate that the owner will be responsible for implementing these recommendations as budget and time allow.
M&V For Industrial Facilities
We're designing a food processing plant that will have systems in place to monitor the overall loads of the entire building. The drives read the information from all MCCs and determine the overall electrical consumption of our process lines, the HVAC, the office areas and, if approved by the client, overall lighting system. However, this system does not break down the consumption of each individual equipment or individual room and from what I see in the template provided in this website for "Option D Whole Building Approach" I'm concerned that we may not fully comply with the credit. Adding individual submeters to all equipment on an industrial plant would increase the budget significantly.
Any thoughts applicable to the exclusive nature of our proect?
You do not need to measure by individual room or piece of equipment. You simply need to be be able to measure in aggregate by energy end uses (i.e. lighting, plug loads, fans, etc.) that correspond with the energy modeling results. So measuring by area is typically not very useful as this adds disparate loads together which is not typically how the spaces are modeled. Your measurement plan seems to mix the two (areas and end uses) which will likley not enable the proper calibration of the modeling results.
USGBC's BPP system awards EAc5 credit
LEED 2009 for New Construction, LEED 2009 for Core & Shell, or LEED 2009 for Schools projects that participate in BPP Data Collection Phase 1 and signing a USGBC data release form (available via LEED Online) can earn one point under the Energy & Atmosphere Credit 5.
http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=2201
So the project can earn one LEED point for participating in BPP, Phase 1 and signing the data release form for whole building water and energy use and this also satisfies the MRP6. Is this point awarded even if the M&V credit requirements aren’t completed (an M&V plan isn't written)? If so, how does one go about getting this point? If the M&V plan is written and receives the full three points is this point available in addition to the three points?
Correct this point will be earned without an M&V Plan. Looks like the plan is to provide a path in LEED Online to document credit compliance. I do not think that the form has yet been updated so if you are following this alternative compliance path one would likely upload a narrative explanation along with any documents that show participation in BPP.
Four points cannot be awarded for EAc5. I think that if a project implemented both compliance paths that 3 points would be awarded for EAc5 and that the extra point would be considered exemplary performanceIn LEED, certain credits have established thresholds beyond basic credit achievement. Meeting these thresholds can earn additional points through Innovation in Design (ID) or Innovation in Operations (IO) points. As a general rule of thumb, ID credits for exemplary performance are awarded for doubling the credit requirements and/or achieving the next incremental percentage threshold. However, this rule varies on a case by case basis, so check the credit requirements. and eligible for an ID credit.
Has anyone confirmed with the USGBC that completing Option 1 (or 2) AND 3 will get you an EP credit for Option 3? It makes sense, otherwise it just dilutes the M&V plan to being worth 2 credits.
According to the Reference Guide Exemplary PerformanceIn LEED, certain credits have established thresholds beyond basic credit achievement. Meeting these thresholds can earn additional points through Innovation in Design (ID) or Innovation in Operations (IO) points. As a general rule of thumb, ID credits for exemplary performance are awarded for doubling the credit requirements and/or achieving the next incremental percentage threshold. However, this rule varies on a case by case basis, so check the credit requirements. ID credit is not available for this credit.
In NC Option 1 or 2 are worth 3 points; in Schools 2 points. By Option 3 I assume you referring to participation in BPP.
Guidance from USGBC on BPP:
• Participation in BPP Data Collection Phase 1 satisfies Minimum Program Requirement (MPR) 6: Must Commit to Sharing Whole-Building Energy and Water Usage Data.
• LEED 2009 for New Construction, LEED 2009 for Core & Shell, or LEED 2009 for Schools projects that participate in BPP Data Collection Phase 1 and signing a USGBC data release form (available via LEED Online) can earn one point under the Energy & Atmosphere Credit 5.
It is my understanding that if you do both Option 1 or 2 and participate in BPP this will not earn an addtional ID point.
It does seem strange then that the credit template has the check-box at the bottom "reserving 1 point for exemplary performanceIn LEED, certain credits have established thresholds beyond basic credit achievement. Meeting these thresholds can earn additional points through Innovation in Design (ID) or Innovation in Operations (IO) points. As a general rule of thumb, ID credits for exemplary performance are awarded for doubling the credit requirements and/or achieving the next incremental percentage threshold. However, this rule varies on a case by case basis, so check the credit requirements."...
In the reference guide addendum from February 2011 page 9 it states that project are now eligible for an EP credit: "NC, CS and Schools projects pursuing Option 3 in addition to Option 1 or 2 are eligible for exemplary performanceIn LEED, certain credits have established thresholds beyond basic credit achievement. Meeting these thresholds can earn additional points through Innovation in Design (ID) or Innovation in Operations (IO) points. As a general rule of thumb, ID credits for exemplary performance are awarded for doubling the credit requirements and/or achieving the next incremental percentage threshold. However, this rule varies on a case by case basis, so check the credit requirements.."
Thanks Susann, better get caught up on the Addenda!
Re-calibration & corrective action
Does the re-calibration of the as-built design energy model and the baseline model need to be done monthly during the 12 mos. M&V period, and then corrective action taken monthly based on how close the historical data is to the modeled data, or does the building just wait until 12 mos. of data is collected and then go through the re-calibration of the two models and "corrective action" taken? If it's the latter case, then is the only requirement DURING the 12 mos. performance period to collect the energy usage data, whether through meters or through other variables from which the energy use of systems can be calculated?
No the calibration does not need to be undertaken every month during the M&V period. Yep the data gathering is the primary activity during the M&V period. Some of the calibration activities could begin during this period but that is not required.
Once you do calibrate the data be sure to closely examine the monthly actual vs predicted data to ensure a reasonable degree of accuracy. Do not rely soley on annual comparisons of total energy use alone.
Metered Energy Use
The credit requirements say, "The M&V period must cover at least 1 year of post-construction occupancy". This however, isn't saying that we can't complete this credit until one year after substantial completion is it? Per the LEED credit template, it seems to me that you have the proposed energy use and the metered energy use information to provide to see where you are at, and the PLAN states that you will calibrate and compare for up to a year, etc. However, if you are not in that % of compliance, the template won't award you the points, and you'll have to address the problem, per the plan, until you get into compliance (which means you might have to wait a month or two as energy reporting is available after any necessary corrections). Thoughts?
No, the credit is still awarded based on the M&V Plan, not the results of the M&V work. Sounds like there is a potential glitch in the form if it won't award the point due to a low percentage of metered energy end-use. In fact the IPMVPThe International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) provides best-practice protocol for measurement and verification of new construction. This standard is referenced in LEED's measurement and verification credits. does not require that you have permanent meters on any energy end-uses. Some of those energy end uses can be derived through other means such as calculations, spot measurements and short-term trending.
You are correct in your assumption about the template regarding energy use information and its relationship to the M&V Plan. If the % compliance is in fact the reason why the form does not register the point then I think the form has a glitch. As I understand it GBCI is still working on the forms and correcting the outstanding issues associated with them.
Thanks Marcus!
I believe that the inclusion of reporting for actual energy use in the letter templates is an error. I have advised the USGBC staffers accordingly.
Hi Gord,
I am not sure it is an error but I do agree that it would be redundant with the content of the M&V Plan and as such not really necessary.
Guidance on the metering part of this credit
I'm new to this site, and while not new to LEED projects have never pursued EA Credit 5. The more I dig into it the more vague everything becomes, and more confused I get! Is it required anywhere on what kind of metering must be done and how often? Can we use information from the utility companies meter or do we have to install a "smart" meter upstream that sends information digitally to someone? The utility company may or may not provide information digitally back to owner, and if so may only be monthly with their billing. Everying thing I read about this point tends to refer to the M&V Plan, which we are creating. So I'm still now sure what is required by this credit. We are looking at the Option B path. For this specific project the only thing that will use gas is the boiler plant. To know the gas use of the boilers, we only need to measure gas use to the plant, which will be done by the utility company. So I'm not sure if we even need to install another meter.
The place to start with this credit is not the Reference Guide, but the IPMVPThe International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) provides best-practice protocol for measurement and verification of new construction. This standard is referenced in LEED's measurement and verification credits. Vol. III document itself. It can be downloaded from the EVO website - evo.org and follow the links to IPMVP Vol. III, 2003. A thorough read should answer most of your questions. The RG is only intended to be a guiding supplement.
No metering is required but is often a good idea.
The utility meter is fine.
Make sure Option B is the right one. This option is rarely used for LEED projects since there are usually several interactive energy saving strategies used. Option D is far more common.
Doesn't sound like you need another gas meter. Majority of the metering is typically done on the electrical end.
Useful information regarding the issues with this credit...
...and changes on the way.
http://www.cagbc.org/database/rte/SBSSick building syndrome (SBS): Building whose occupants experience acute health and/or comfort effects that appear to be linked to time spent therein, but where no specific illness or cause can be identified. Complaints may be localized in a particular room or zone, or may spread throughout the building. A pattern of health complaints related to poor indoor air quality in a specific building, but without a known cause or a definite, diagnosable pattern of symptoms.%20Gordon%20Shymko%20Presentation%20[Compatibility%20Mode].pdf
Michael, I couldn't get this link to work. Can you try posting it again? Maybe use a link-shortening service like http://bit.ly
http://www.cagbc.org/database/rte/SBS%20Gordon%20Shymko%20Presentation%2...
Just the Plan?
I've just checked the LEEDonline submittal form for this credit (which by the way mentions a previously unknown EAp2: Minimize Energy Performance prerequisite, ha, ha) which has the following wording:
"The energy model is calibrated to actual energy consumption by end use.
The responsible party for calibrating the energy model is identified in the
M&V plan."
Surely here is another typo which should read:
"The energy model WILL BE calibrated to actual energy consumption by end use."
You should get a project checklist (if you don't have one already) that lists all the possible credits and required prerequisites in all the LEED catagories. I've found that the prerequisites require a lot more work than the actual credits (at least for WE and EA). And, I just found out recently that ALL the prerequisites in EVERY catagory must be met in order to get LEED certification, even if you aren't attempting points in some of the catagories. Are we having fun yet? ; )
Yes, I would agree that you found a typo, Jean. Or if I were being generous, just vague wording.
Hannah, you're right! WEp1 and EAp2 are particularly important prereqs and the documentation for the associatd credits WEc3 and EAc1 is completely derivative from them.
Core Performance Guide and M&V Plan
We are pursuing EA points under the Core Performance Guide (CPG) alternate compliance path. One of the requirements of the CPG (1.7 Performance Data Review) requires that specific metering equipment (pulse meters) be installed to generate hourly energy consumption data. While it is preferable that pulse meters be installed on each system, the CPG only requires a whole building pulse meter.
We will probably only be installing a single pulse meter on the main electric meter to meet this requirement. How much additional work would have to be performed to meet the LEED M&V requirements?
Thanks!
That's a hard question to answer, as it depends on your approach to M&V selected in your M&V plan. If you are planning to use permanent meters to collect data, you probably need meters for all major end uses (lighting, HVAC, plug loads, etc. If you are using gas or oil for heating you also need meters on that.
As I mentioned above (12/02/09 comment), temporary metering is also an option.
You really need to first develop your M&V plan, then design your metering scheme based on that plan.
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