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It’s about good IAQ for occupancy
The idea behind this credit is to ensure good indoor air quality (IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors.) for a project for occupancy. EQc3.2 can be seen as a belt-and-suspenders credit: even if the EQc4: Low-Emitting Materials credits are pursued, along with EQc3.1: Construction IAQ Management—During Construction, EQc3.2 ensures that the building ends up with the intended result. (Although it’s typical to do so, you don’t have to pursue any of those credits to go after this credit.)
The credit has a direct impact on occupant health and comfort, and it is often very important to the owner and occupants, that their new, LEED-certified building should smell “green” when they move in.
Flush out or testing?
The flush-out of indoor air required under Option 1 is the most common route to earning this credit, because it is the most certain and predictable path.
Performing testing under Option 2 leaves open the possibility that despite all other efforts, the building could fail the tests, putting the credit in jeopardy.
You might wonder why, if a building earns the EQc4 credits and EQc3.1, there would be any chance of failing IAQ testing. For whatever reason, it happens. This might be due to VOC emissions from materials not covered by IEQc4, or from the undetected use of materials not meeting the spec.
Another reason for pursuing Option 1 is that the costs of IAQ testing are commonly greater than those of a building flush-out. Testing costs vary depending on the size of the building, the number of samples tested, and the travel and field work the testing agency needs to perform. Large buildings, or buildings with multiple independent HVAC systems, require more testing samples. One test is required for each separate ventilation system within the building, with not less than one sample per 25,000 ft2 of contiguous floor area.
Two flush-out options
Under Option 1, you have two paths for performing the flush-out. Path 1 is performed prior to occupancy: provide 14,000 cubic feet of outdoor air per square foot of building space. Relative humidity must be maintained at 60% or below and temperature must be maintained at 60 degrees or above.
If there isn’t enough time prior to occupancy to follow Path 1, Path 2 allows you to reach the 14,000-cubic-foot threshold in phases. Path 2 requires an initial flush-out of 3,500 cubic feet per square foot, and then a daily flush-out that begins three hours before occupancy and continues until the end of occupancy for the day. During this period, a ventilation rate of 0.3 cfm per square foot must be maintained. This may be higher than the designed ventilation rate, so plan ahead for this.
Common pitfalls to avoid
This credit is typically easy to achieve if you plan ahead and avoid these common pitfalls:
- Early in the design of the mechanical systems, take into account the requirements for flush-out to ensure that the HVAC system is able to supply the required ventilation rate which is often higher than normal design conditions. Once the mechanical design is confirmed, the mechanical engineer should provide the contractor with the flush-out duration so that it can be worked into the construction schedule as soon as possible.
- If a flush-out is performed during very cold or very humid weather, maintaining minimum temperature and humidity levels may be impossible or require a lot of energy loss. Consider the testing path if these conditions are likely for your project.
- All construction activities must be complete prior to flush-out, this includes all punch-list items. Make sure that subcontractors are informed of the credit requirements and that all work is appropriately scheduled so as to not introduce contaminants after the flush-out.
- If you go for testing (Option 2) and fail, you can opt to do a flush-out and retest prior to occupancy, but your schedule needs to allow for it. Build in some schedule and budget contingency in case retesting is required.
Alternative approaches
In naturally ventilated buildings or other situations where using the HVAC is not possible or desired, alternatives such as temporary supply and exhaust fans placed in the windows are also possible. (Simply opening the windows is not enough, however.) Like natural ventilation in general, this approach works best for relatively dry, moderate climates where the temperature and humidity conditions required by the credit are easy to maintain.
If using fans, ensure correct placement of fans to provide an even flow of fresher outdoor air across each space, preventing short-circuiting. Check the EPA IAQ Design Tools for Schools Controlling Pollutants and Sources information on exhaust or spot ventilation practices during construction activity (although written for schools, it is applicable to any type of project). (See Section 5: Ventilation Techniques).
Consider these questions when approaching this credit
- Ask your mechanical engineer to run these preliminary calculations:
- Is the HVAC system capable of performing the ventilation rates required for flush-out?
- Can indoor temperature and humidity levels be maintained during the flush-out considering the scheduled season of the flush-out?
- What is the estimated duration of the flush-out under Path 1 and Path 2 and how will this affect the construction schedule?
- Important conversations that need to occur between the general contractor, building owner and occupants:
- When do occupants need to move in? Is the date flexible?
- Can the schedule allow time for a flush-out after construction completion and prior to occupancy? How much time is available?
- Will the project pursue a full flush-out (Option 1 – Path 1), or will occupancy occur during the flush-out (Option 1 – Path 2)?
- How will the basic requirements for having construction complete be communicated to subcontractors?
- Things to consider when implementing IAQ testing:
- Does your building have multiple, separate ventilation systems?
- How many samples are required?
- Is your construction team confident that it can ensure contamination levels below credit limitations at the end of construction?
- Is there time at the end of the construction schedule to allow for flush-out and retesting if initial test results are above allowable levels for contaminants?
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How this credit is addressed in different building types
- A phased flush-out is possible if different sections of the building are completed at different times, which is common in multi-tenant or mixed-use project types.
- In facilities where air quality is particularly critical, such as healthcare and laboratory buildings, owners may require IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. testing as part of standard building practice.
- Buildings with large numbers of identical rooms with separate ventilation zones—such as hotel rooms or apartment units—have been allowed to perform random sampling as an alternative approach in situations when the delivery of outside air—on an air-change-per-hour basis—and the materials in a ventilation zone are identical. Project teams should confirm with GBCI that this is still applicable in LEED 2009.
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FAQs for IEQc3.2
Is it possible to combine Options 1 and 2 for different spaces in the same building?
This is not officially permitted in LEED. It might make sense in some projects, but teams should get a CIRCredit Interpretation Ruling. Used by design team members experiencing difficulties in the application of a LEED prerequisite or credit to a project. Typically, difficulties arise when specific issues are not directly addressed by LEED information/guide or LEED InterpretationLEED Interpretations are official answers to technical inquiries about implementing LEED on a project. They help people understand how their projects can meet LEED requirements and provide clarity on existing options. LEED Interpretations are to be used by any project certifying under an applicable rating system. All project teams are required to adhere to all LEED Interpretations posted before their registration date. This also applies to other addenda. Adherence to rulings posted after a project registers is optional, but strongly encouraged. LEED Interpretations are published in a searchable database at usgbc.org. in order to proceed.
Is it possible for the flush-out start date to vary by ventilation zone?
Yes. Areas served by completely separate ventilation systems—where air serving these spaces is not mixed with air serving any other spaces—can be flushed independently, as long as each such area is also isolated completely from all non-flushing areas per SMACNA guidelines.
Should a parking garage be included in a flush-out, if it is in a basement and not fully open to the outdoors?
No, parking garage space should not be included in this credit.
Do the outdoor air minimum quantities have to be met for each individual space, or for the building square footage as a whole?
Ideally, the flush out will be designed to provide the minimum volume to each individual space, and the LEED Reference Guide indicates that teams must take reasonable measures to ensure there is no obvious short-circuiting of the airflow. However, the requirements only address the "total air volume," so, for LEED credit compliance purposes it is only necessary to quantify the total outside air volume supplied to the entire building.
Do non-regularly occupied areas such as bathrooms and corridors have to be flushed-out?
Yes. All occupied gross floor areaGross floor area (based on ASHRAE definition) is the sum of the floor areas of the spaces within the building, including basements, mezzanine and intermediate‐floored tiers, and penthouses wi th headroom height of 7.5 ft (2.2 meters) or greater. Measurements m ust be taken from the exterior 39 faces of exterior walls OR from the centerline of walls separating buildings, OR (for LEED CI certifying spaces) from the centerline of walls separating spaces. Excludes non‐en closed (or non‐enclosable) roofed‐over areas such as exterior covered walkways, porches, terraces or steps, roof overhangs, and similar features. Excludes air shafts, pipe trenches, and chimneys. Excludes floor area dedicated to the parking and circulation of motor vehicles. ( Note that while excluded features may not be part of the gross floor area, and therefore technically not a part of the LEED project building, they may still be required to be a part of the overall LEED project and subject to MPRs, prerequisites, and credits.) (both non-regularly occupied and regularly occupied) must be included.
For LEED NC addition projects, do existing non-renovated areas need to be flushed-out or tested?
No, not if the project team is only certifying the addition, per se, as a separate LEED project. But the addition should be isolated from the existing, unrenovated areas in accordance with the SMACNA IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. Guidelines for Occupied Buildings under Construction.
Should we install furniture and furnishings before IAQ testing or flushout?
It's optional. In the past that has been unclear, and in an addendum issued 10/1/12, USGBC clarified that it is optional to install furniture and furnishings before IAQ testing or flushout for IEQc3.2. The word "optionally" has been inserted in the last paragraph of page 466 in the LEED BD&C reference guide, before "including furniture and furnishings."
For IAQ testing, how many sample points are necessary in non-mechanically ventilated spaces?
This is left to the discretion of the industrial hygienist or other qualified professional who is performing the testing and employing the EPA Standard.
Can testing be done over various days?
Yes, as long as it complies with the EPA standard.
I'm confused about the 11/1/2011 LEED addendum that removed the "1/25,000 SF or each contiguous area whichever is larger" language from the credit requirement. How do we determine the number of sampling locations for testing?
According to USGBC, the addendum was intended to give project teams more flexibility in testing locations. The 1/25,000 SF testing rate is still a good rule of thumb and is acceptable. USGBC is trusting that the project's industrial hygienist will have the best understanding of how to accurately test the spaces in the project. Select spaces to be tested so that each occupiable space type is adequately represented. Additional guidance can be found in the pilot prerequisite for performance-based IAQ.
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USGBC
Excerpted from LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Version 2.2
EQ Credit 3.2: Construction IAQ management plan - before occupancy
1 Point
Intent
Reduce indoor air quality problems resulting from the construction/renovation process in order to help sustain the comfort and well-being of construction workers and building occupants.
Requirements
Develop and implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors.) Management Plan for the pre-occupancy phase as follows:
Option 1 — Flush-out
- After construction ends, prior to occupancy and with all interior finishes installed, perform a building flushout by supplying a total air volume of 14,000 cu.ft. of outdoor air per sq.ft. of floor area while maintaining an internal temperature of at least 60 degrees F and relative humidity no higher than 60%.
OR - If occupancy is desired prior to completion of the flush-out, the space may be occupied following delivery of a minimum of 3,500 cu.ft. of outdoor air per sq.ft. of floor area to the space. Once a space is occupied, it shall be ventilated at a minimum rate of 0.30 cfm/sq.ft. of outside air or the design minimum outside air rate determined in EQ Prerequisite 1, whichever is greater. During each day of the flush-out period, ventilation shall begin a minimum of three hours prior to occupancy and continue during occupancy. These conditions shall be maintained until a total of 14,000 cu.ft./sq.ft. of outside air has been delivered to the space.
OR
Option 2 — Air testing
- Conduct baseline IAQ testing, after construction ends and prior to occupancy, using testing protocols consistent with the United States Environmental Protection Agency Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Air Pollutants in Indoor Air and as additionally detailed in the Reference Guide.
- Demonstrate that the contaminant maximum concentrations listed below are not exceeded.
[INSERT TABLE HERE]
- For each sampling point where the maximum concentration limits are exceeded conduct additional flushout with outside air and retest the specific parameter(s) exceeded to indicate the requirements are achieved. Repeat procedure until all requirements have been met. When retesting non-complying building areas, take samples from the same locations as in the first test.
- The air sample testing shall be conducted as follows:
- All measurements shall be conducted prior to occupancy, but during normal occupied hours, and with the building ventilation system starting at the normal daily start time and operated at the minimum outside air flow rate for the occupied mode throughout the duration of the air testing.
- The building shall have all interior finishes installed, including but not limited to millwork, doors, paint, carpet and acoustic tiles. Non-fixed furnishings such as workstations and partitions are encouraged, but not required, to be in place for the testing.
- The number of sampling locations will vary depending upon the size of the building and number of ventilation systems. For each portion of the building served by a separate ventilation system, the number of sampling points shall not be less than one per 25,000 sq.ft., or for each contiguous floor area, whichever is larger, and include areas with the least ventilation and greatest presumed source strength.
- Air samples shall be collected between 3 feet and 6 feet from the floor to represent the breathing zoneThe breathing zone is the region within an occupied space between 3 and 6 feet above the floor and more than 2 feet from walls or fixed air-conditioning equipment. (AHSRAE 62.12007) of occupants, and over a minimum 4-hour period.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Prior to occupancy, perform a building flush-out or test the air contaminant levels in the building. The flush-out is often used where occupancy is not required immediately upon substantial completion of construction. IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. testing can minimize schedule impacts but may be more costly. Coordinate with Indoor Environmental Quality Credits 3.1 and 5 to determine the appropriate specifications and schedules for filtration media.
- After construction ends, prior to occupancy and with all interior finishes installed, perform a building flushout by supplying a total air volume of 14,000 cu.ft. of outdoor air per sq.ft. of floor area while maintaining an internal temperature of at least 60 degrees F and relative humidity no higher than 60%.
Publications
SMACNA IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction
Project management guidance in maintaining satisfactory IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. of occupied buildings undergoing renovation or construction.
EPA Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Air Pollutants in Indoor Air
Provides step-by-step sampling and laboratory analysis procedures for the determination of selected pollutants in indoor air. The section of this document that is dedicated to testing methodology and procedures is most relevant for credit.
Indoor Air Pollution Report, July, 2005 California Air Resources Board
Outlines the health effects of indoor air pollution.
State of Washington Program and IAQ Standards
This standard was the first state-initiated program to ensure the design of buildings with acceptable IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors..
Indoor Air Quality: A Facility Manager’s Guide, Construction Technology Centre Atlantic,
This publication is written as a comprehensive review of IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. issues and solutions.
Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Compounds in Ambient Air, U.S. EPA
These methods have been prepared to provide regional, state and local environmental regulatory agencies and other users with step-by-step sampling and analysis procedures for the determination of selected inorganic pollutants in ambient air.
Web Tools
Healthy Building Network
Articles and resources on healthier building materials and issues of toxicity in the building industry.
EPA IAQ Design Tools for Schools Controlling Pollutants and Sources
Reference for best practices and strategies to implement IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. management in Schools.
Controlling Pollutants and Sources, IAQ Design for Schools U.S. EPA
This EPA website offers detailed information on exhaust or spot ventilation practices during construction activity.
Organizations
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Association, Inc. (SMACNA)
SMACNA is an international organization that developed guidelines for maintaining healthful indoor air quality during demolitions, renovations, and construction. The professional trade association publishes the referenced standard as well as Indoor Air Quality: A Systems Approach, a comprehensive document that covers air pollutant sources, control measures, IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. process management, quality control and documentation, interpersonal communication , sample projects, tables, references, resources, and checklists.
Technical Guides
IEQ Space Matrix
This spreadsheet categories dozens of specific space types according to how they should be applied under various IEQ credits. This document is essential if you have questions about how various unique space types should be treated.
Construction IAQ Management Plan
All Options
A construction IAQ management planA construction IAQ management plan outlines measures to minimize contamination in a specific project building during construction and describes procedures to flush the building of contaminants prior to occupancy. like this sample is required for both options of this credit, along with IEQc3.1. This example details a plan meeting both flush-out and testing requirements, leaving it open which one will be used.
LEED Online Sample Template – EQc3.2
This template is the flattened, public version of the dynamic template for this credit that is used within LEED-Online v2 by registered project teams. This and other public versions of LEED credit templates come from the USGBC website, and are posted on LEEDuser with USGBC's permission. You'll need to fill out the live version of this template on LEED Online to document this credit.
Flush-Out Volume
Option 1 - Flush Out
This sample calculation demonstrates how one project figured out how long its flush-out needed to be, and how rental equipment was added to make it possible.
IAQ Testing
Option 2 - Testing
These test results and testing report from a LEED-CI project demonstrate the kind of information that needs to be gathered to document IEQc3.2, Option 2.
Construction Submittal
Documentation for this credit is part of the Construction Phase submittal.
LEEDuser is produced by BuildingGreen, Inc., with YR&G authoring most of the original content. LEEDuser enjoys ongoing collaboration with USGBC.
124 Comments
Room by Room flush-out Calculations
Is there a place I could point to in the Reference Guide or another official USGBC document that clarifies that the calculations can be done room by room if that's the path we wish to do our flush-out calculations? This would be instead of doing a whole building calculation. I know it's mentioned above in the FAQ section but was hoping I might have something I could point to as the source of this guidance.
Thanks!
IAQ testing - using portable equipment
Hi,
We purchased equipment to perform our own IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. testing on our new development projects and have had difficulties meeting the VOC requirements of under 500 micrograms. We specify low VOC paints, adhesives, sealantsA sealant has adhesive properties and is formulated primarily to fill, seal, or waterproof gaps or joints between 2 surfaces. Sealants include sealant primers and caulks. (SCAQMD Rule 1168. )Sealants are used on wood, fabric, paper, corrugated paperboard, plastic foam and other materials with tiny openings, often microscopic, that may absorb or discharge gas or fluid. etc. but are still reading 600-700 micrograms in some spaces. This is also after doing a flushout (leaving doors open and fans on) for several hours.
Has anyone else had the same problem when doing IAQ testing in new residential developments? Any tips or ideas on what we could be doing better?
Also, has anyone else applied for this credit using portable (non-lab) IAQ testing methods/equipment, and have you had any problems receiving the credit? This is the first time we have attempted this credit using the IAQ testing path.
Thanks,
Hi Katie,
The problem you have with handhelds is that it only gives you total number and not a chemical breakdown. This becomes very critical when you have failures in your test. All it would take is for you to use the handheld and be wearing perfume and you could fail. The other problem is with handhelds you have to measure that spot for four hours so if you have 10 samples and only one hand held than you have 40 hours of collection time. We at Centek Labs do this work all the time and I can help you do a job of 10samples in less than a day for all 5 parameters a lot cheaper than you think. I can also look at the chemical breakdown and pin point were you are failing at such as paint, adhesives, cleaners etc. I give classes for usgbc on what to look for and I can help you. Even if you don't use us I can give you several ideas to help you. Call me at Centek Labs www.centeklabs.com or 315-431-9730...Russ
Flush-out Spreadsheet?
Has anyone created a spreadsheet so that data (space sq.ft., design O/A CFM, occupied hours, etc.) might be easily entered to document the flush-out times for 1a and 1b (and be willing to share)? I've put one together but I'm not thrilled with the functionality at this point.
Flush out requirements in un-occupied spaces
My project has a number of "grey-boxed" unfinished spaces. Are we required to complete a full flush out of these spaces to comply with this credit? There will be no tenants in these spaces and the client will not be using them for many years. If we add the square footage for the grey-boxed areas into the calculations my flush out time is over a month (option 1), which is a non-starter for the client. I want to encourage them to flush the building; however, may lose the argument if we are required to flush our areas that will not be used…Any advice / guidance would be appreciated.
Todd, I'd recommend testing. There isn't a clear way for you to comply with this credit without flushing out those spaces. The closest analague I'm aware of is in LEED-CS, where this credit doesn't exist.
IAQ Testing/Separate Ventilation
We have a pre-school library/admin building new construction project where the IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. tester used a sampling point in a second floor attic-storage area which is not expected to be occupied regularly and does not have a separate ventilation system. The sample taken in this area failed testing and we are attempting to ask the hygienist to revise the report because this space did not need to be tested under NC v2.2. We are also excluding an unoccupied server room which is cooling-only and does not have fresh air supply. Thanks!
Eric, are you looking for feedback on this approach?
Thanks for the follow-up Tristan. The question that should have been included is: Do attic-storage spaces and server rooms which are not regularly occupied need to be tested for indoor air quality? Our interpretation of this credit is that they do not need to be tested since they are not regularly occupied spacesRegularly occupied spaces are areas where one or more individuals normally spend time (more than one hour per person per day on average) seated or standing as they work, study, or perform other focused activities inside a building., but as noted the industrial hygienist thought the attic-storage had to be tested.
Eric, for LEED 2009 projects, GBCI has recently loosened up the requirements on testing locations, and they have deferred quite a bit of authority to the industrial hygienist on the project. Your safest bet, in my opinion, is to take their advice. This is a bit of a gray area.
Post Occupancy Possible?
Is there any chance for this credit to be possible if it's already occupied?
From what I understand you can do the IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. test after as long as you clear it with the governing body. As a laboratory that does the air testing we have had several clients do this. The only thing you have to keep in mind is that once people start entering the building they through off all kinds of TVOCThe sum or total of all volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from a product or measured in a space under certain defined conditions.'s due to perfumes, colognes, hair products which could cause you to fail. The sampling kits we give you will only take 4 hours to do which is a lot easier than the flush out. You can reach me at Centek Labs at 315-431-9730 if you have any questions...Russ
Well, under the checklist tab it says that testing needs to be done before occupancy. Therefore we ruled out that option, but how about option 1B? Unfortunately the building has been occupied already but the ventilation settings were not in placed when they occupied it. If the equipment have the capacity and the settings are rearranged, could the credit still be achieved under this option?
Victor, if the building has already been occupied, I don't see a pathway to earning the credit. Even with the option where you can flush out while occupying, you're supposed to provide part of the flush-out before occupancy.
Phased Occupancy - Occupied Flush Out & Unoccupied Flush Out
We are constructing a 7-story healthcare facility and intend on doing a flush out to achieve IEQc3.2. The owner of the building would like to push the schedule and partially occupy the building (specifically occupying the 1st floor, while construction is still being complete on the other floors).
Our team had intended on using the “unoccupied” flush out method; however, the new partial occupancy schedule now interferes with our flush out schedule. Each floor has its own HVAC units and is able to be isolated from one another so it has been proposed that we flush out the first floor using the "occupied" flush out method and then flush out floors 2 - 7 using "unoccupied" flush out method.
Has anyone ever achieved this credit using both methods on the same project? The reference guide does not provide us with an option to use a combination of both methods and I am unable to find any addenda or CIRCredit Interpretation Ruling. Used by design team members experiencing difficulties in the application of a LEED prerequisite or credit to a project. Typically, difficulties arise when specific issues are not directly addressed by LEED information/guide's that discuss this scenario.
Several of our clients such as several story office buildings and hotels have done this using our sampling canisters. By using the flush out you are tied to several days or even weeks to do. By using our laboratory it is substantially cheaper and it is done in 4 hours.
EQc 3.2 Option 1 - Path-2 Before Occupancy Flush-Out
The project is a high security 3 storey square type building having offices on the parameter (no windows) and in the core. Parameter and core offices are linked through a common corridor.
We are planning to flush out the building with 3500 cu.ft of outdoor air per sq. ft of floor area through the air-conditioning duct work by isolating the return air duct work to ensure no re-circulation of air.
As the return air ducts will be isolated, the 100 percent outdoor air can only be exhausted from the rooms to the outdoors through the common corridor.
The question: Is it correct to assume that the outdoor air while exhausting to the outdoors through the common corridor will also flush the corridor, as the volume of the direct outdoor air supplied to the corridor through the air conditioning system is very less.
The required criteria of 3500 cu.ft of outdoor air per sq. ft will be strictly followed for the whole project.
Currently, no air quality testing facilities to meet specified standards are available in the country.
Are you talking about doing the air testing for the TVOCThe sum or total of all volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from a product or measured in a space under certain defined conditions.'s, Formaldehyde1. Formaldehyde is a naturally occurring VOC found in small amounts in animals and plants but is carcinogenic and an irritant to most people when present in high concentrations, causing headaches, dizziness, mental impairment, and other symptoms. When present in the air at levels above 0.1 ppm, it can cause watery eyes; burning sensations in the eyes, nose, and throat; nausea; coughing; chest tightness; wheezing; skin rashes; and asthmatic and allergic reactions. 2. A known carcinogen with no known safe exposure level. Formaldehyde occurs naturally, but appears in unnaturally high concentrations in many buildings because it is an ingredient in binders used in many building materials and furnishings., 4-PCH, CO, CO2Carbon dioxide, Radon and PM10's. If so there are several laboratories that do this. We are one of them and have been running this for over 3 years. We are NELAP and AIHA certified.
Furniture
Second question. There seems to be a lot of information posted that indicates that under LEED NC, furniture can be installed prior to flush-out or installed after flush-out and this applies to v2.2. First of all, furniture is not mentioned under v2.2 at all when it comes to talking about the flush-out. It is mentioned however when it comes to the IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. testing and is encouraged but not required. In my research to find out where this approach to furniture applies to the flush-out, I did find a couple of earlier LEED interpretations that date back to v2.1 that follow this line of thinking (LI #5598 dated 5/3/2004) although even before that LEED seemed to be against the installation prior to flush as they though it could become a possible VOC sink with the exception of metal furniture. Unfortunately this interpretation only seems to be applicable to v2.1. My question is, is there something written somewhere that ties this dual approach to furniture installation to v2.2 or is it just somehow implied?
USGBC has definitively clarified for LEED 2009 projects that furniture is optionally installed for EQc3.2. I think that based on earlier ambiguities, and this newer ruling, you are safe going with "optional" for v2.2 projects.
Flush-out of Occupiable vs Non-occupiable Space
Having difficulty determining what spaces should be flushed. I was always under the impression that all spaces within a building must be flushed but now I am confused. LEED InterpretationLEED Interpretations are official answers to technical inquiries about implementing LEED on a project. They help people understand how their projects can meet LEED requirements and provide clarity on existing options. LEED Interpretations are to be used by any project certifying under an applicable rating system. All project teams are required to adhere to all LEED Interpretations posted before their registration date. This also applies to other addenda. Adherence to rulings posted after a project registers is optional, but strongly encouraged. LEED Interpretations are published in a searchable database at usgbc.org. Ruling #1902 dated 9/18/2007 clearly indicate that all spaces within the building envelope need to be flushed and the credit does not differentiate between occupiable and non-occupiable spaces as defined by ASHRAE. In diirect contrast to that, LEED Interpretation Ruling #5217 dated 6/4/2009 indicates that all spaces that are occupiable as defined by ASHRAE 62.1 must be flushed out. They also go on to say that ASHRAE's definition of occupiable is an enclosed space intended for human activities, excluding those spaces intended primarily for other purposes, such as storage rooms and equipment rooms that are only occupied occasionally and for short periods of time. Typical MEP spaces would not be considered to be occupiable. These are both relavent under v2.2 and are clearly not saying the same thing. There seems to be no clear guidance from the reference guide either.
Typically, the most recent LEED InterpretationLEED Interpretations are official answers to technical inquiries about implementing LEED on a project. They help people understand how their projects can meet LEED requirements and provide clarity on existing options. LEED Interpretations are to be used by any project certifying under an applicable rating system. All project teams are required to adhere to all LEED Interpretations posted before their registration date. This also applies to other addenda. Adherence to rulings posted after a project registers is optional, but strongly encouraged. LEED Interpretations are published in a searchable database at usgbc.org. should be used. With that in mind, I think you would be fine only flushing what ASHRAE defines as occupiable and using the 2009 interpretation as support. That being said, though, the safe thing to do is just flush everything and personally, I would lean in that direction since it's a one shot deal.
FILTERS
It is understood that MervMinimum efficiency reporting value. 8 filters are needed for all returns for compliance with EQ 3.2, then if a project is going for EQ 5 then all filters are to be changed to Merv 13. Is there a minimum merv value for filters if a project is not going to EQ 5?
Megan, no, there is not—other than what might be needed for IEQp1 compliance.
Aren't we then saying MERVMinimum efficiency reporting value. 8 is the minimum?
Robert, I don't understand your question—can you clarify?
EQc3.2 - IAQ testing - required in service bays?
Hi.
We have a project that is a sales/service center and is planning for IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. testing . The sales/office portion of the building is mechanically conditioned, so we are clear on the requirements for that area. The question we have is for the service bays that are naturally conditioned (only unit heaters are used seasonally). To comply with the intent of this credit, do we need to provide an additional sampling point in the service bay area (it is under 25,000 SF)? This area is regularly occupied (technicians doing maintenance and repair of equipment) and there are large overhead doors that can be opened to provide natural ventilation.
Alison, yes, I think that's correct.
EQ 3.2 Option 1 Flush-Out not continuous at 60%RH
Our review comment came back recently that stated because our relative humidity was above 60% for a couple of hours of our flush-out period of well over 14,000 cu.ft/SF, we do not comply. We do have 14,000 cu.ft/SF at below 60%RH but not continuously, there are a couple of hours in the middle of our flush-out period where we go above 60%. Has anyone else had this credit review comment, and argued it successfully? Thanks.
Jesse, sorry for the slow reply here, but that review comment seems like overreaching to me. There is no mention of "continuous" supply in the credit language. Has this been resolved?
We responded that the flush out was within acceptable temperature and humidity ranges for more than the required cubic feet/SF, although not continuously and we received the credit. Yeah!
post occupancy construction work in multi-phase project
Our project is multi-phased. Each phase will be corded-off & tested separately. What type of construction work is allowed to occur after a space has been tested, passed & occupied? For example can receptacles be added to walls & ceiling lights be added in the clg? Does the space need to be retested after work is done?
Diane, the credit language states that testing should be completed "after construction ends." I think that the work you're describing would be pushing that limit.
particulate measure conversion
We just received PM10 Analysis of Particulate Matter Performed by EPA Reference Method 40 CFR, Chapter I, Part 50, App. J test results with Concentration of 358 (μg/m³) outside and 58 indoors. Is there a conversion from μg/m³ to mg/m³ or are they the same?
The results you received is micrograms, which are 1/1000 of a milligram. But the requirement for LEED is 50 micrograms, not milligrams. So I don't think you would want to convert to mg.
Jonathan, I thought the outdoor measure of 358 seemed so high, but you are telling me that μg/m³ is a microgram reading?
Yes, (I don't know how to make the microgram symbol on my keyboard), that is the reading in micrograms. I think it is not unusual for the outdoor readings to have higher readings if it is a dusty environment. the 58 micrograms is pretty close to the 50 limit, so hopefully you can flush / clean etc. and retest.
To do it on you keyboard our lab reports it as 50ug/m3
Using both testing and flush out
Most of our project is mechanically ventilated and we plan to conduct a flush-out of these spaces to meet the credit requirements. There are, however, naturally ventilated offices on each floor and given that the building is to be completed in the winter, we won't be able to meet the temperature and humidity requirements for the flush-out of the offices. We therefore are thinking about testing these locations (one office per floor). Has anyone tried a mixed approach like this? thanks!
It appears you can, per LEED interpretationLEED Interpretations are official answers to technical inquiries about implementing LEED on a project. They help people understand how their projects can meet LEED requirements and provide clarity on existing options. LEED Interpretations are to be used by any project certifying under an applicable rating system. All project teams are required to adhere to all LEED Interpretations posted before their registration date. This also applies to other addenda. Adherence to rulings posted after a project registers is optional, but strongly encouraged. LEED Interpretations are published in a searchable database at usgbc.org. #1561. Check the interpretation database.
Flush out vs air sampling.
Just foundthe site. Is the the credit for Eq3.2 based on a choice between air sampling and testing vs. Flush out or are both required?
Mark- it is either or, not both.
Thanks Allison, I have a specification where the design firm has not indicated which option we are to include. We are a bidding general constuction firm. Is it standard practice to leave both options in the sustainable design requirements specification section and leave it up to the contractor to decide which option to use?
It varies widely. We always specify which we expect to be use because each has unique time constraints and costs, but I have certainly seen others leave it to the contractor to decide.
Allison- Our specification calls out for both options (flush and test). Since our project is made up of few different buildings, is it possible to choose flush out for some and IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. testing for others to pass the credit?
This seems like an approach that should be acceptable, however, since it varies from the accepted credit language, this may be a case where is would be a good idea to use a LEED InterpretationLEED Interpretations are official answers to technical inquiries about implementing LEED on a project. They help people understand how their projects can meet LEED requirements and provide clarity on existing options. LEED Interpretations are to be used by any project certifying under an applicable rating system. All project teams are required to adhere to all LEED Interpretations posted before their registration date. This also applies to other addenda. Adherence to rulings posted after a project registers is optional, but strongly encouraged. LEED Interpretations are published in a searchable database at usgbc.org. to clarify that this is acceptable, since it would be too late to go back and do it a different way if your reviewer doesn't agree. Are you using a group certification for the buildings? You may want to check the AGMBC (application Guide for Multiple Buildings and Campuses) that was just release in October to make sure it doesn't help clarify things. It can be found here: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=2326
The entire building set is submitted as it is one building. But we have 7 new buildings stacked one another. Thanks for the link. AGMBC is for campus though, which doesn't apply to our project type.
Our laboratory just came back from the Greenbuild conference 2012 in San Francisco. We have been finding out that more people are not doing the flush out and going with sampling. The reason it takes to long, difficult to maintain temperature and humidity and most of all cost for electric and salaries. After showing our set up and cost they have switch to our sampling techniques with most projects being done in about a day.
Unconditioned Spaces
Both NCv2.2 and v2009 are clear with the temperate and humidity constraints. However, how does one apply a flush-out to a warehouse in northern climates with heat but no AC or methods to dehumidify the air? Or unconditioned spaces in southern climates? Does that requirement become null or does it only leave testing as an option?
Curt, I think the options in these situations are a) testing, b) get a CIRCredit Interpretation Ruling. Used by design team members experiencing difficulties in the application of a LEED prerequisite or credit to a project. Typically, difficulties arise when specific issues are not directly addressed by LEED information/guide, or c) use temporary equipment (unlikely, I know).
Testing Option - Failed Test and Owner is Occupied
Can retesting be done if the Owner has occupied during a phased occupancy project, and the test has failed?
If the test failed and the building is occupied prior to the required flush-out + successful retest then the credit will not be achieved.
Sorry for the bad news.
Finding IAQ Testing Companies
I work on LEED projects all over the US. Its always hard to find IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. testing companies local to my project. Does anyone know of a professional association for such folks that might have a directory of members to look up companies? Or maybe a national company that performs these services with many franchises nationwide? Thanks
I agree that finding a company can be hit or miss and I don't have a great direct answer to your question. What I can tell you , though, is that recently it seems that a lot of the companies we go to for commissioning and environmental site assessments are now starting to provide IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. testing as well. So, you may be able to begin with your search with that type of company.
Hi Nadja,
I work for an IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. company called Healthy Buildings (www.healthybuildings.com). We work nation wide and have offices throughout the country. Healthy Buildings helped develop and routinely performs IAQ testing to meet LEED EQc3.2 requirements. Let me know if you have any questions, and feel free to give us a call (917-775-0215).
I work for ENPRO Environmental who routinely performs IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. testing for LEED EQc3.2 requirements throughout the country, the Pacific Asia Region and the Caribbean. You can call me at 808.748.2121.
I work for Centek Labs in Syracuse NY. Our laboratory has done 100’s of samples and has helped develop an easy and cost effective way to sample IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. to meet LEED EQc3.2 requirements. We have done work all over the world because our sampling equipment doesn't need short term holding times. We have a standard 5 day turn around time and do many same day TAT for those last minute RUSH jobs. We can do your TVOCThe sum or total of all volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from a product or measured in a space under certain defined conditions., formaldehyde1. Formaldehyde is a naturally occurring VOC found in small amounts in animals and plants but is carcinogenic and an irritant to most people when present in high concentrations, causing headaches, dizziness, mental impairment, and other symptoms. When present in the air at levels above 0.1 ppm, it can cause watery eyes; burning sensations in the eyes, nose, and throat; nausea; coughing; chest tightness; wheezing; skin rashes; and asthmatic and allergic reactions. 2. A known carcinogen with no known safe exposure level. Formaldehyde occurs naturally, but appears in unnaturally high concentrations in many buildings because it is an ingredient in binders used in many building materials and furnishings., CO, 4-PCH and PM10. Call me at 315-431-9730 ask for Russ
Flush out option - addition only
Hello,
Our project is an addition to an existing School. We are certifying the whole building, but we think it unnecessary to run the flush-out in areas which did not receive any work, therefore would have no construction debris pollution. Can we run the flush-out in the addition and renovated areas only and still be eligible for this credit?
Donna- I think that you are going to have a very difficult time getting GBCI to accept a flush out of only spaces that were renovated unless you can document that the "untouched" spaces are served by separate HVAC systems and were completely isolated from construction areas to prevent particulates, off-gassing, etc. Even if you can document the above, I do not think credit award would be guaranteed, because there is nothing in the credit language or in published CIRs that indicate you can not do a flush out in existing spaces. You could consider IAQIndoor air quality: The quality and attributes of indoor air affecting the health and comfort building occupants. IAQ encompasses available fresh air, contaminant levels, acoustics and noise levels, lighting quality, and other factors. testing if you want to avoid a flush out in the renovated spaces.
Option 1b
Do we need to record data regarding temperature and humidity during the flush-out process for option 1b?
Option 1a and 1b would both require a narrative describing how minimum temperatures and maximum relative humidity levels were maintained during flushout periods or when ventilation rates are set to 0.3 CFM / sqft.
David, thank you for your response, but I can't find the language in the reference guide that describes the minimum temperatures and maximum relative humidity levels for option 1b. Do you mind pointing me to it so I can reference it in our narrative?
The language is included on page #326 of the LEED NC v2.2 reference guide. The details listed on this page apply to both options of the flushout.
Failing to provide verification of the temp / humidity levels during either option of the flushout will trigger a technical advice comment from the LEED project reviewer.
Hope this helps.
Wow -- Did not realize that was for both 1a and 1b. I thought we only had to mention this in our narrative though? We have to upload docs on verified temp and humidity levels as well?
Thank you so much for your help!
David- Do you know if USGBC accepts BMS reading as a proof of providing temperature and humidity recording? or does it need to be recorded manually with a hygrometer or equivalent?Thank you.
Air Testing and Furniture
In a large building, is it acceptable to air test certain floors prior to furniture installation, and other floors after furniture installation, in order to comply with the needs of furniture delivery scheduling?
Yes, non-fixed furniture does not have to be in place for testing, so you could proceed as you describe.
Is this the case for a flush out as well? I thought furniture needed to be installed since in may be a source of VOCsA volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a carbon compound that vaporizes (becomes a gas) at normal room temperatures. VOCs contribute to air pollution directly and through atmospheric photochemical reactions (excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides and carbonates, and ammonium carbonate) to produce secondary air pollutants, principally ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate..
Non-fixed furnishings are encouraged to be installed prior to the flushout or air testing but this is not a requirement of LEED v2.2 or LEED 2009.
During Flushout Recordkeeping
Are we to monitor and record occupancy, temperature and humidity levelsdaily, during flushout?
Thanks
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